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硅肥生物炭聯(lián)合施用對(duì)黑土區(qū)玉米植硅體固碳與土壤溫室氣體排放的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金區(qū)域聯(lián)合基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(U20A20318)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52179033、52279035)和黑龍江省優(yōu)秀青年科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(YQ2020E002)


Effects of Combined Application of Silicon Fertilizer and Biochar on Phytolith Carbon Sequestration and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Black Soil Maize Region
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    摘要:

    土壤中植硅體封閉有機(jī)碳(Phytolith-occluded organic carbon,PhytOC)積累有望成為長(zhǎng)期固存有機(jī)碳的途徑之一。作為外硅源改良劑,硅肥能增強(qiáng)作物中植硅體的固碳功能,而生物炭則在減少土壤溫室氣體排放方面發(fā)揮積極作用。為探明硅肥和生物炭聯(lián)合施用對(duì)植硅體固碳能力的影響途徑及其對(duì)土壤溫室氣體排放的作用,設(shè)置4種處理,包括空白對(duì)照(CK)、硅肥(SF)、生物炭(BC)及硅肥與生物炭混合施用(BS),通過田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)合室內(nèi)植硅體穩(wěn)定分級(jí)試驗(yàn),分析了不同處理下土壤硅組分的分布特征,證實(shí)了不同玉米組織中PhytOC固存量及其穩(wěn)定性差異。此外,還闡明了混合外源硅對(duì)作物農(nóng)藝性狀和減少土壤溫室氣體排放具有影響。結(jié)果表明:在BS處理下,易溶硅(CaCl2-Si)、無機(jī)土壤顆粒表面不穩(wěn)定硅(Acetic-Si)、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)表面不穩(wěn)定硅(H2O2-Si)含量呈先增加后降低趨勢(shì),而弱結(jié)晶硅酸鹽及無定形硅(Na2CO3-Si)含量則持續(xù)下降。與CK相比,BS處理顯著提高了玉米莖、鞘和葉部位植硅體含量,分別增加54.75%、5.68%和56.87%。作物PhytOC生產(chǎn)通量達(dá)到57.79kg/(hm2·a)。穩(wěn)態(tài)植硅體含量提高16.32個(gè)百分點(diǎn),穩(wěn)態(tài)PhytOC生產(chǎn)通量為34.12kg/(hm2·a)。此外,聯(lián)合施用下全球變暖潛勢(shì)(Global warming potential,GWP)為3716.88kg/hm2。研究結(jié)果表明,硅肥與生物炭聯(lián)合施用能夠顯著提升作物植硅體固碳能力及減少土壤溫室氣體排放,為實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期碳固存提供了思路和方法。

    Abstract:

    The accumulation of phytolith-occluded organic carbon (PhytOC) in soil is a potential pathway for long-term organic carbon sequestration. Silicon fertilizer, an exogenous silicon amendment, can enhance carbon sequestration by phytoliths in crops, while biochar plays an active role in reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions. To investigate the pathways through which combined application of silicon fertilizer and biochar affected the carbon sequestration capacity of phytoliths and its impact on soil greenhouse gas emissions, four treatments were established, including control (CK), silicon fertilizer (SF), biochar (BC), and a mixed application of silicon fertilizer and biochar (BS). The distribution characteristics of soil silicon fractions were analyzed through field experiments combined with laboratory phytolith stability grading tests to confirm differences in PhytOC sequestration and its stability in different maize organs. Additionally, the effects of mixed exogenous silicon on crop agronomic characteristics and the reduction of soil greenhouse gas emissions were elucidated. The results indicated that under the BS treatment, the contents of readily soluble silicon (CaCl2-Si), unstable silicon on the surface of inorganic soil particles (Acetic-Si), and unstable silicon on the surface of soil organic matter (H2O2-Si), exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease, while the content of weakly crystalline silicates and amorphous silicon (Na2CO3-Si) showed a continuous decline. BS treatment significantly increased the phytolith content of the maize stem, sheath, and leaf by 54.75%, 5.68%, and 56.87%, respectively, compared with CK. The crop PhytOC production flux reached 57.79kg/(hm2·a). The stable phytolith content was increased by 16.32 percentage points, and the stable PhytOC production flux reached 34.12kg/(hm2·a). Furthermore, the global warming potential (GWP) under combined application was 3716.88kg/hm2. The results demonstrated that combined application of silicon fertilizer and biochar significantly enhanced the carbon sequestration capacity of crop phytoliths and reduction of soil greenhouse gas emissions, providing strategies and methodologies for achieving long-term carbon sequestration.

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付強(qiáng),苗佳威,李天霄,侯仁杰.硅肥生物炭聯(lián)合施用對(duì)黑土區(qū)玉米植硅體固碳與土壤溫室氣體排放的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(5):512-522. FU Qiang, MIAO Jiawei, LI Tianxiao, HOU Renjie. Effects of Combined Application of Silicon Fertilizer and Biochar on Phytolith Carbon Sequestration and Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Black Soil Maize Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):512-522.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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