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滾筒式花生落果撿拾機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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河北省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(HBCT2024040207)


Design and Experiment of Drum Type Fallen Peanut Picking Up Machine
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    摘要:

    針對花生機(jī)械化收獲落果損失大且回收困難等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一款滾筒式花生落果撿拾機(jī),對其挖掘撿拾裝置、升運(yùn)裝置、篩分集果裝置進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)參數(shù)計(jì)算。通過對升運(yùn)裝置上果土混合物的受力分析和運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,獲得了升運(yùn)裝置中升運(yùn)單體與升運(yùn)鏈間夾角、升運(yùn)鏈運(yùn)行速度的理論值范圍。以花生落果撿拾率和含雜率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),通過對升運(yùn)裝置作業(yè)參數(shù)單因素和雙因素模擬,分析了升運(yùn)單體與升運(yùn)鏈間夾角、升運(yùn)鏈運(yùn)行速度以及二者交互作用對花生升運(yùn)率和含雜率的影響,獲得了最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:升運(yùn)單體與升運(yùn)鏈間夾角45°、升運(yùn)鏈運(yùn)行速度1.5m/s。樣機(jī)田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,花生落果撿拾率為95%,含雜率為8.5%,滿足整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)要求。研究結(jié)果可為花生落果撿拾技術(shù)及裝備研發(fā)提供參考。

    Abstract:

    A drum type fallen peanut picking up machine was designed to address the issues of excessive fallen peanut and difficulty in recycling after peanut harvest. The excavation and picking device, upward conveying device, screening and collecting device were designed and related parameters were calculated. The current research status and existing problems of fallen peanut picking up machine were introduced, providing ideas and key solutions for future design. Firstly, the entire machine was constructed to determine the main technical parameters of drum type fallen peanut picking up machine and introduce its working principle, then the key devices and parameters were designed and optimized. In the excavation and picking device, the excavation angle and shovel surface width of the excavation shovel were determined, and the structure and material design of the feeding roller and guide grid were carried out.The force analysis and kinematic analysis were conducted on the fallen peanut-soil mixture on the upward conveying device, and the theoretical value range of the angle between the upward conveying monomer and the upward conveying chain, as well as the operating speed of the upward conveying chain, were obtained. Through kinematic analysis of the fallen peanut-soil mixture in the screening and collecting device, the diameter D of the roller screen, the pore width K of the screen mesh, the rotational speed n of the roller screen, and the installation angle of the roller screen were obtained. Through EDEM simulation analysis, the angle between the upward conveying monomer and the upward conveying chain, speed of the upward conveying chain, the leakage and lifting situation of two factors were observed. Using pick up rate and trash content as evaluation indicators, through single factor and double factor simulation analysis of upward conveying device operation parameters, the angle between the upward conveying monomer and the upward conveying chain, the running speed of upward conveying chain, and the impact of their interaction on peanut lifting efficiency and trash content were clarified. The optimal parameter combination was obtained as follows: the angle between the upward conveying monomer was 45°, upward conveying chain running speed was 1.5m/s. According to the preliminary design, peanut varieties were pre-picked, and field tests were conducted after measuring the soil moisture content and the distribution of fallen peanut. The field test results of the prototype showed that the pick up rate of the whole machine was 95%, and the trash content was 8.5%, which met the design requirements of the whole machine.

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郝建軍,張影,李兆瑋,楊淑華,韓鵬,郭秀云.滾筒式花生落果撿拾機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(5):343-352. HAO Jianjun, ZHANG Ying, LI Zhaowei, YANG Shuhua, HAN Peng, GUO Xiuyun. Design and Experiment of Drum Type Fallen Peanut Picking Up Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):343-352.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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