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鏟篩組合式生姜收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(52275258)、泰山學(xué)者青年專家項(xiàng)目、山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019GNC106096)和山東省主要農(nóng)作物機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)裝備協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心開(kāi)放基金項(xiàng)目(SDXTZX-07)


Design and Experiment of Combined Shovel-screen Ginger Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)生姜收獲機(jī)清土效果差、作業(yè)阻力大、損傷率較高的難題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種鏟篩組合式生姜收獲機(jī),可實(shí)現(xiàn)生姜的對(duì)行、挖掘、清土、鋪放作業(yè),其關(guān)鍵部件生姜挖掘清土裝置主要由挖掘鏟和抖土篩組成。通過(guò)對(duì)生姜挖掘清土裝置進(jìn)行理論分析和仿真試驗(yàn),初步確定鏟面傾角為18°,鏟面長(zhǎng)度為160mm,擺動(dòng)頻率為4Hz。以整機(jī)前進(jìn)速度、抖土篩擺動(dòng)幅度、抖土篩擺動(dòng)頻率為試驗(yàn)因素,生姜含土率和損傷率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),依據(jù)Box-Behnken試驗(yàn)原理對(duì)鏟篩組合式生姜收獲機(jī)進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn)。對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行方差分析,建立生姜含土率和損傷率與各顯著因素之間的回歸模型。對(duì)回歸模型的目標(biāo)函數(shù)進(jìn)行求解,得出最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合:前進(jìn)速度0.39m/s、擺動(dòng)幅度30°、擺動(dòng)頻率3.901Hz,此時(shí)生姜含土率的模型預(yù)測(cè)值為9.85%,損傷率為1.79%。田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,生姜挖掘清土裝置含土率為10.31%,損傷率為1.86%,與模型預(yù)測(cè)值之間的相對(duì)誤差均小于5%;較原挖掘清土裝置含土率降低2.39個(gè)百分點(diǎn),損傷率降低1.38個(gè)百分點(diǎn);生姜挖掘清土裝置作業(yè)阻力約為1240N,較原挖掘清土裝置作業(yè)阻力降低11.43%。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to address the challenges of poor soil clearance, high operational resistance, and elevated damage rates in ginger harvesting machines, the design and development of a shovel-screen combined ginger excavation and soil clearance device was introduced. The device primarily consisted of a digging shovel and a soil-shaking screen. Theoretical analysis and simulated experiments were conducted on the ginger excavation and soil clearance device, leading to the preliminary determination of a shovel face angle of 18°, a shovel face length of 160mm, and a swinging frequency of 4Hz. Field experiments on the ginger harvester were carried out based on the Box-Behnken experimental design principle, with forward speed, shaking screen swing amplitude, and shaking screen swing frequency as experimental factors, and ginger soil content and damage rate as experimental indicators. Variance analysis was performed on the experimental results, and regression models between ginger soil content, damage rate, and significant factors were established. The optimization of the regression model’s objective function yielded the optimal parameter combination as follows: forward speed of 0.39m/s, swing amplitude of 30°, and swing frequency of 3.901Hz, resulting in a predicted ginger soil content of 9.85% and a damage rate of 1.79%. Field validation experiments demonstrated that the average ginger soil content harvested by the ginger excavation and soil clearance device was 10.31%, with an average damage rate of 1.86%, both showing relative errors of less than 5% compared with the model’s predictions. Compared with the original ginger excavation and soil clearance device, the average ginger soil content harvested by the device was decreased by 2.39 percentage points, and the average damage rate was decreased by 1.38 percentage points. The operational resistance of the ginger excavation and soil clearance device was approximately 1240N, representing a reduction of about 11.43% compared with that of the original device.

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黃新平,徐瑞華,黃廣杰,賈松濤,王方艷.鏟篩組合式生姜收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(5):309-318. HUANG Xinping, XU Ruihua, HUANG Guangjie, JIA Songtao, WANG Fangyan. Design and Experiment of Combined Shovel-screen Ginger Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):309-318.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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