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蔬菜密植移栽斜置式自動取投苗裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2020YFD1000300)和遼寧省“興遼英才計劃”項目(XLYC2413011)


Design and Experiment of Oblique Automatic Seedling Picking and Throwing Device for Vegetable Dense Transplanting
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    摘要:

    針對密植蔬菜半自動移栽作業(yè)效率低的問題,本文設(shè)計一種用于A5-1200型高密度移栽機斜置式自動取投苗裝置。缽苗盤和取投臂均與水平方向傾斜45°布置,取投苗爪在取苗位置和投苗位置之間直線往復(fù)運動,縮短了取苗行程。取投苗爪在取投臂上的安裝位置固定,與缽苗間距和投苗杯間距對應(yīng),省略了分苗環(huán)節(jié)。缽苗盤移位機構(gòu)通過橫向移動和縱向移動將缽苗輸送到取苗位置,實現(xiàn)整排間隔取苗。傳動部件采用滾珠絲杠模組,驅(qū)動采用步進電機,以PLC為控制器,實現(xiàn)了運動位置精確控制。通過單因素試驗分析取投臂回程速度、取投苗爪插入深度和取投苗爪入土角對取投苗效果的影響規(guī)律,設(shè)計Box-Behnken響應(yīng)面試驗確定最優(yōu)工作參數(shù)。試驗結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)取投臂回程速度為300mm/s、取投苗爪插入深度為31mm、取投苗爪入土角為10°時,實際取投成功率為97.0%。配備斜置式自動取投苗裝置后,A5-1200型高密度移栽機栽植能力可達到7200株/h,滿足密植移栽技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    According to agronomic requirements, most leafy vegetables adopt a dense transplanting mode with a plant spacing and row spacing of less than 200mm. However, the automatic seedling picking and throwing devices developed domestically are mostly suitable for transplanting with large plant spacing and row spacing. The gantry arm type seedling picking and throwing device can replace manual operations, but due to the long movement path of the seedling picking claws, the speed of seedling picking and throwing is slow. Therefore, this structure cannot meet the requirements of dense transplanting of vegetables. For the A5-1200 semi-automatic high-density transplanter, an oblique automatic seedling picking and throwing device was designed to address the issue of low transplanting efficiency. The device consisted of a seedling tray displacing mechanism, a picking and throwing arm, and eight claws. The seedling tray and the arm were both arranged at a 45° angle to the horizontal direction, and the claws moved back and forth in a straight line between the seedling picking position and the feeding position, shortening the seedling picking stroke. The installation positions of the claws on the picking and throwing arm were fixed, corresponding to the distance between the seedlings and the distance between the seedling feeding cup, omitting the seedling separation step. The orderly and smoothly operation process was ensured by the PLC control system. The ball screw module was driven by the closed-loop stepper motor in the transmission parts for both the picking and throwing arm and the seedling tray displacing mechanism. To realize the whole row interval seedling picking, the tray displacing mechanism completed a single action within 1s, moved the seedling tray in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, and located the position of the seedlings precisely. The influences of the return speed of picking and throwing arm, the insertion depth and the penetration angle of claw on the picking and throwing effect were analyzed. The Box-Behnken response surface experiments were designed to optimize the working parameters. The results showed that when the return speed of the picking and throwing arm was 300mm/s, the insertion depth of claw was 31mm, and the penetration angle of claw was 10°, the actual success rate of picking and throwing was 97.0%. Equipped with the oblique automatic taking and throwing device, the A5-1200 transplanter had a theoretical transplanting capacity of 7200 plants/h, which met the technical requirements of dense transplanting.

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白曉虎,杜國靜,張子浩,邱碩,趙博,田素博.蔬菜密植移栽斜置式自動取投苗裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(5):300-308. BAI Xiaohu, DU Guojing, ZHANG Zihao, QIU Shuo, ZHAO Bo, TIAN Subo. Design and Experiment of Oblique Automatic Seedling Picking and Throwing Device for Vegetable Dense Transplanting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):300-308.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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