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免耕播種機(jī)可變徑切茬圓盤(pán)裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-03)


Design and Experiment of Variable-diameter Stubble Cutting Disc Device for No-till Planter
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)黃淮海麥玉兩熟區(qū)免耕播種機(jī)上被動(dòng)圓盤(pán)式切茬刀在秸稈覆蓋量大或土壤強(qiáng)度不足情況下秸稈切斷率較低的問(wèn)題,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種可手動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)圓盤(pán)直徑的切茬刀。該變徑切茬刀設(shè)有圓盤(pán)直徑調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu),可根據(jù)不同地塊的土壤特性和地表秸稈殘茬覆蓋量來(lái)調(diào)整圓盤(pán)直徑,以實(shí)現(xiàn)秸稈高效切割。結(jié)合理論分析,確定星齒刀片兩刃口間角度為110°,變徑圓盤(pán)切茬刀最小半徑為230mm,最大半徑為280mm,在切茬刀調(diào)節(jié)至確定直徑時(shí),變徑機(jī)構(gòu)具有自鎖功能,保證刀片直徑固定不變。土槽試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,直徑為460mm的變徑切茬圓盤(pán)、平面圓盤(pán)、缺口圓盤(pán)和波紋圓盤(pán),在相同工況下,圓盤(pán)入土深度較深時(shí)比較淺時(shí)切割性能好,當(dāng)入土深度為10cm時(shí),變徑切茬圓盤(pán)秸稈切割性能優(yōu)于其他類(lèi)型圓盤(pán),此時(shí)秸稈切斷率為75.16%,牽引力為355.27N。土槽性能試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,變徑切茬圓盤(pán)直徑越大秸稈切割性能越好,當(dāng)圓盤(pán)直徑為560mm時(shí),秸稈切斷率為93.25%;田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)變徑切茬圓盤(pán)直徑為560mm時(shí),秸稈切斷率達(dá)到98.33%,裝置切割秸稈殘茬性能良好,可以滿足黃淮海地區(qū)小麥免耕播種作業(yè)農(nóng)藝和技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    A stubble cutter was designed with manually variable disc diameter adjustment for the problem that the passive disc stubble cutter on the no-till planter in the no-tillage seeder in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat and corn area has a low straw cutting rate in the case of large amount of straw cover or insufficient soil strength. The variable-diameter stubble cutting blade was equipped with a disc diameter adjustment mechanism, which can adjust the disc diameter according to the soil characteristics of different fields and the amount of straw stubble cover on the ground surface in order to realize efficient straw cutting. Combined with theoretical analysis, it was determined that the angle of two edges of star teeth of blade was 110°, the minimum radius of variable diameter disc stubble cutter was 230mm, the maximum radius was 280mm, and when the stubble cutter was adjusted to a certain diameter, the variable diameter mechanism had a self-locking function to ensure that the diameter of blade was fixed. The results of soil bin test showed that the diameter of 460mm variable diameter stubble cutting disc, flat disc, notched disc, and corrugated disc, under the same working conditions, the disc into the soil depth was deeper than the shallow cutting performance, into the soil depth of 10cm, variable diameter stubble cutting disc straw cutting performed better than other types of discs, at this time, the straw cutting rate was 75.16%, the traction force was 355.27N. Soil bin performance tests showed that the larger the diameter of the variable diameter stubble cutting disc was, the better the straw cutting performance was. In the disc diameter of 560mm, the straw-cutting rate was 93.25%. Field validation tests showed that the variable-diameter stubble-cutting disc device in the disc diameter of 560mm, the straw cutting rate was 98.33%, which was good to meet the no-tillage sowing operation of the Huang-Huai-Hai regions of wheat agronomic and technical requirements. The research result can provide a reference for the design of the stubble-cutting device for no-tillage implements.

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仲?gòu)V遠(yuǎn),李洪文,盧彩云,王超,仝振偉,畢津碩.免耕播種機(jī)可變徑切茬圓盤(pán)裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(5):235-245. ZHONG Guangyuan, LI Hongwen, LU Caiyun, WANG Chao, TONG Zhenwei, BI Jinshuo. Design and Experiment of Variable-diameter Stubble Cutting Disc Device for No-till Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):235-245.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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