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采棉機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與展望
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江蘇大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)部項目(NGXB20240102)、江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項目(BK20210777)和省部共建現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備與技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項目(XTCX2014)


Development Status and Prospect of Research on Key Technologies of Cotton Pickers
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    摘要:

    機(jī)采棉已經(jīng)成為我國、特別是棉花主產(chǎn)區(qū)的主要種植模式。采棉機(jī)是用于機(jī)采棉收獲的關(guān)鍵裝備,也是農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械高端裝備的典型代表。本文從采棉機(jī)的作業(yè)過程與原理出發(fā),圍繞籽棉采摘、籽棉匯集輸送、籽棉壓縮打包、底盤驅(qū)動行走、整機(jī)智能調(diào)控等方面進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)梳理,分析了當(dāng)前研究的熱點、難點、問題與不足。我國采棉機(jī)經(jīng)過政府引導(dǎo)發(fā)展與市場自由競爭,在引進(jìn)、消化和吸收國外先進(jìn)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上,已經(jīng)形成完備的采棉機(jī)科研與制造體系。我國采棉機(jī)在采摘頭堵塞機(jī)理、氣力輸送流場動態(tài)演變、底盤載荷譜等方面存在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)問題尚未解決;打包機(jī)構(gòu)等結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方案創(chuàng)新性、原創(chuàng)性不足,仍受制于國外專利;運行狀態(tài)監(jiān)測、智能作業(yè)水平較高,但缺乏籽棉流量、棉包密度/濕度等高精度專用傳感器。針對上述問題和不足,從棉花采摘機(jī)理、氣力輸送高保真度仿真分析、行走底盤動力學(xué)分析與優(yōu)化、打包機(jī)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計、整機(jī)智能調(diào)控等方面對未來研究方向進(jìn)行了分析和展望,提出了未來應(yīng)對采棉機(jī)存在的問題和不足加以重點研究。

    Abstract:

    Machine-picked cotton has been the main cotton planting mode in China, especially in the main cotton producing areas. Cotton pickers are key equipment for harvesting machine-picked cotton and are also typical representatives of high-end agricultural machinery. Starting from the operation process and principle of cotton pickers, the literature on unginned cotton picking, unginned cotton collection and transportation, unginned cotton compression and packaging, chassis driving and walking, and intelligent control of the whole machine were introduced, and the topics, difficulties, problems, and shortcomings of current research were analyzed. After the development of government guidance and free market competition, the research, development, and manufacturing systems of cotton pickers have been formed in China, based on the introduction, digestion and absorption of foreign advanced technologies. However, there were still some basic scientific problems in cotton pickers, such as the blocking mechanism of the picking head, the dynamic evolution of the pneumatic conveying flow field, and the chassis load spectrum, which have not been solved. The structural design schemes such as the baling mechanism were not innovative and original enough and were still subject to foreign patents. The operation status monitoring and intelligent operation levels were high, but there was a lack of high-precision special sensors such as unginned cotton flow, cotton bale density/humidity. In view of the above problems and shortcomings, the future research direction was analyzed and prospected from the aspects of unginned cotton picking mechanism, high-fidelity simulation analysis of pneumatic conveying, dynamic analysis and optimization of walking chassis, innovative design of baling mechanism, and intelligent control, which can provide reference for the optimization and design, production and manufacturing, and the control of cotton pickers.

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石茂林,高小雅,張衛(wèi)東,冉康力,鐘良意,徐立章.采棉機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀與展望[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2025,56(5):167-183. SHI Maolin, GAO Xiaoya, ZHANG Weidong, RAN Kangli, ZHONG Liangyi, XU Lizhang. Development Status and Prospect of Research on Key Technologies of Cotton Pickers[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):167-183.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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