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棉花打頂機(jī)履帶行走系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2002401)、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)天山創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(2021D14010)和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部火花計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(13230369)


Design and Experiment of Crawler Walking System of Cotton Topping Machine
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    摘要:

    為解決棉花打頂作業(yè)過(guò)程中,打頂裝置晃動(dòng)嚴(yán)重、對(duì)行穩(wěn)定性差等問(wèn)題,根據(jù)新疆地區(qū)機(jī)采棉田種植模式,設(shè)計(jì)了一款基于北斗導(dǎo)航的棉花打頂機(jī)履帶行走系統(tǒng),確定了底盤(pán)整機(jī)和關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和參數(shù)。以STM32F103為主控器,搭載基于實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)差分的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航控制;建立履帶底盤(pán)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型確定預(yù)瞄點(diǎn),得到定位點(diǎn)與目標(biāo)路徑的曲率偏差,同時(shí)引入底盤(pán)幾何中心行駛速度為控制器輸入量,提出一種自調(diào)節(jié)的雙輸入模糊PID控制算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)底盤(pán)的作業(yè)路徑自動(dòng)追蹤。以打頂期棉田為作業(yè)對(duì)象,分別開(kāi)展性能試驗(yàn)和作業(yè)試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:底盤(pán)田間自主導(dǎo)航作業(yè)時(shí),最大絕對(duì)偏差不超過(guò)39mm,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差不超過(guò)18.5mm,平均絕對(duì)偏差為15.3mm;工作過(guò)程中所搭載的打頂裝置平均航向角偏轉(zhuǎn)角為0.38°,平均橫滾角偏轉(zhuǎn)角為0.33°,平均俯仰角偏轉(zhuǎn)角為0.26°。自走式履帶底盤(pán)行駛穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)、對(duì)行精準(zhǔn)、跟蹤誤差小,可適用于棉花打頂行走作業(yè)。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of severe shaking and poor stability of the topping device in the process of cotton topping operation, according to the planting mode of machine-picked cotton field in Xinjiang region, the mechanically-picked cotton field was selected as the research object, a crawler walking system of cotton topping machine based on Beidou navigation was designed, and the design structure and parameters of the chassis and key components were determined. STM32F103 was used as the main controller, equipped with a real-time dynamic difference Beidou navigation system to realize automatic navigation control, and the kinematic model of the tracked chassis was established to determine the preview point, and the curvature deviation between the positioning point and the target path was obtained, at the same time, the speed of the chassis geometric center was introduced as the input of the controller, and a self-adjusting double-input fuzzy PID control algorithm was proposed to realize the automatic tracking of the operating path of the chassis. The results showed that the maximum absolute deviation was not more than 39mm, and the standard deviation was not more than 18.5mm, the average absolute deviation was 15.3mm. The average heading angle deflection angle, the average roll angle deflection angle and the average pitch angle of the topping device were 0.38°, 0.33°and 0.26°, respectively. The self-propelled crawler chassis had strong driving stability, accurate alignment and small tracking error, and can be applied to cotton topping walking operation.

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韓長(zhǎng)杰,李超,徐陽(yáng),仇世龍,羅燕,尤佳,毛罕平.棉花打頂機(jī)履帶行走系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(5):121-129,267. HAN Changjie, LI Chao, XU Yang, QIU Shilong, LUO Yan, YOU Jia, MAO Hanping. Design and Experiment of Crawler Walking System of Cotton Topping Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):121-129,267.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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