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基于雷達(dá)測速的棉花精量直播機(jī)排種測控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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湖北洪山實(shí)驗(yàn)室重大科研項(xiàng)目(2021hszd006)和湖北省棉花科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2023)


Design and Test of Seeding Measurement and Control System for Cotton Precision Directing Machine Based on Radar Speed Measurement
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)長江流域麥后棉區(qū)土壤黏重,地表留存秸稈殘茬量大,地輪驅(qū)動(dòng)方式易出現(xiàn)纏繞打滑、壅土現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致漏播、斷條,且缺乏棉花導(dǎo)種與性能檢測一體化裝置等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了基于雷達(dá)測速的棉花精量直播機(jī)排種測控系統(tǒng)。構(gòu)建了3路獨(dú)立直流電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速控制以及3路棉花種子流實(shí)時(shí)檢測的云-端構(gòu)架模式;設(shè)計(jì)了播種測控云平臺(tái),實(shí)現(xiàn)播種作業(yè)參數(shù)實(shí)時(shí)采集、顯示、存儲(chǔ)及多設(shè)備的管控;設(shè)計(jì)了模糊PID控制器,實(shí)現(xiàn)指定粒距的隨速實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)控。利用Matlab開展了模糊PID控制器與PID控制器仿真對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,模糊PID算法模型比PID算法模型超調(diào)量降低28.95%,上升時(shí)間減少28.57%,穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí)間減少22.22%。開展電機(jī)控制精度試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,電機(jī)實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速與理論轉(zhuǎn)速最大誤差為1.8%,平均誤差為1.1%。臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,與JPS-16型計(jì)算機(jī)視覺試驗(yàn)臺(tái)相比,測控系統(tǒng)檢測合格指數(shù)、漏播指數(shù)、重播指數(shù)相差不大于1.3、0.7、0.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。路面試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為3.6~9.2m/h時(shí),實(shí)際排種數(shù)與理論排種數(shù)最大誤差為2.4%;單路檢測準(zhǔn)確率不小于97.44%。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)作業(yè)速度為3.6~9.2m/h時(shí),本系統(tǒng)控制播種合格指數(shù)不小于90.81%,漏播指數(shù)不大于4.64%,粒距變異系數(shù)不大于14.38%。示范應(yīng)用表明,該棉花精量直播機(jī)排種測控系統(tǒng)能夠有效提升長江流域棉區(qū)麥后棉花直播機(jī)播種質(zhì)量。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of sticky soil in the cotton area after wheat in the Yangtze River basin, large amount of straw stubble left on the ground surface, the ground wheel driving method is prone to winding slippage and congestion phenomenon, which leads to leakage of sowing, broken strips, and the lack of integrated device for cotton seed guiding and performance detection, thus a radar speed measurement based seeding measurement and control system of cotton precision direct seeding machine was designed. The cloud-end architecture model of 3-channel independent DC motor speed control and 3-channel real-time detection of cotton seed flow was constructed; the seeding measurement and control cloud platform was designed to realize real-time collection, display, storage and multi-device control of the seeding operation parameters; and the fuzzy PID controller was designed to realize real-time regulation and control of the specified grain spacing at the same time with the speed. Matlab was utilized to carry out a simulation comparison test between the fuzzy PID controller and the PID controller. The results showed that the fuzzy PID algorithm model reduced the overshooting amount by 28.95%, the rise time by 28.57%, and the steady state time by 22.22% than the PID algorithm model. The motor control accuracy test was carried out, and the results showed that the maximum speed error between the actual motor speed and the theoretical speed was 1.8%, and the average error was 1.1%. The results of the bench test showed that compared with the JPS-16 computer vision test bench, the difference between the qualified index, omission index and reseeding index detected by the measurement and control system was lower than 1.3, 0.7 and 0.8 percentage points, respectively. The results of the road test showed that the maximum error between the actual and theoretical number of seed rows was 2.4% at the operating speed of 3.6~9.2m/h; the accuracy of single-road detection was not less than 97.44%. The results of field test showed that at the operating speed of 3.6~9.2m/h, the seeding qualification index controlled by this system was higher than 90.81%, the leakage index was lower than 4.64%, and the coefficient of variation of grain spacing was lower than 14.38%. Demonstration application showed that this cotton precision direct seeding machine row seeding measurement and control system can effectively improve the quality of cotton direct seeding machine sowing after wheat in the cotton area of Yangtze River Basin.

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丁幼春,張馳海,董萬靜,詹振宇,魏松,農(nóng)峰.基于雷達(dá)測速的棉花精量直播機(jī)排種測控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(5):59-70. DING Youchun, ZHANG Chihai, DONG Wanjing, ZHAN Zhenyu, WEI Song, NONG Feng. Design and Test of Seeding Measurement and Control System for Cotton Precision Directing Machine Based on Radar Speed Measurement[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(5):59-70.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-05-10
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