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Aiming to investigate the effects of rigid vegetation stem coverage and growth orientation on the runoff detachment capacity (RDC) of slopes, a series of simulated experiments were conducted under different combinations of slope gradients (5°~20°), coverage levels (0~15.89%), and two vegetation growth orientations (perpendicular to the slope surface (BS) and perpendicular to the horizontal plane (BH)). The results showed that slope gradient significantly influenced the distribution range of RDC (p<0.05), with this effect being more pronounced under the BH condition. Under the BS condition, the mean RDC was 2.05~2.51 times that of bare slopes, while under the BH condition, it was 1.53~2.03 times. A relative change rate of RDC less than 0 was observed only when the vegetation coverage was N=95 (ranging from -6.87% to -0.51%), whereas for N=187 and N=286, the relative change rates were 17.95%~88.49% and 66.44%~156.57%, respectively. Shear stress and stream power were identified as the key hydraulic parameters influencing RDC. Under the BS condition, shear stress (correlation coefficient: 0.89) and stream power (correlation coefficient: 0.82) were significantly positively correlated with RDC, while under the BH condition, flow velocity (correlation coefficient: 0.64) had strong influence, and the resistance coefficient (correlation coefficient: -0.11) had weak effect. SPSS regression analysis indicated that shear stress and stream power were the critical parameters for predicting RDC, with the model demonstrating high-accuracy (R2=0.98, Nash efficiency coefficient=0.98).