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According to different forms of circulation distribution, mixed flow pump design can be divided into free vortex, forced vortex, and composite vortex designs. A mixed flow pump model TJ-HL-05, whose performance has been widely verified in the South to North Water Transfer Project, was taken as the research object. Based on the inverse design method, the parameterization of the impeller blade under the nonlinear circulation distribution was realized with the help of the continuity equation, the energy equation and the simplified radial balance equation. On this basis, the parameter analysis of the mixed flow pump impeller under the nonlinear circulation distribution under different working conditions was studied by using the orthogonal experimental design, and the performance optimization of the mixed flow pump was completed-based on the analysis results. The results showed that the circulation control parameters rvh and rvs had a significant impact on efficiency and head under all operating conditions, and compared with traditional free vortex design, compound vortex design had a higher optimization upper limit. Compared with the original model, the efficiency of the free vortex design optimization results was increased by 0.31 percentage points, 1.63 percentage points, and 1.03 percentage points respectively under the 0.8Qdes, Qdes, and 1.2Qdes operating conditions, while the efficiency of the composite vortex design optimization results was increased by 1.09 percentage points, 3.51 percentage points, and 9.71 percentage points, respectively, and the head difference between the three under the design operating conditions was relatively small. The results of the internal flow analysis indicated that using a compound vortex design that considered the distribution of circulation was beneficial for further improving the flow state at the outlet of the impeller, thereby reducing the hydraulic losses of downstream components of the impeller.