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油菜聯(lián)合收獲機割臺氣吹式籽粒低損回收噴嘴設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022YFD2300103)和湖南省智能農(nóng)機裝備創(chuàng)新研發(fā)項目(HNNJ-2023-23)


Design and Testing of Air-blown Low-loss Seed Recovery Nozzles for Oilseed Rape Combine Harvester Cutting Decks
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    摘要:

    針對油菜聯(lián)合收獲過程中機械碰撞角果炸莢導致割臺掉粒損失大等問題,,設計了一種割臺氣吹式籽粒低損回收裝置,并對氣力噴嘴關鍵部件進行了設計,。為保證氣流分布合理和回收效果,,采用鴨嘴式結構設計了噴嘴結構形狀,并配套設計了入禾器,,實現(xiàn)割臺低損收獲,。基于Fluent對噴嘴內(nèi)部流場進行仿真,,以噴嘴開口角度,、噴嘴開口寬度為試驗因素,以氣流出口速度,、氣流寬度與氣流相交距離為評價指標進行兩因素全因子仿真試驗,。試驗結果表明,當噴嘴開口角度為35°,、噴嘴開口寬度為3 mm時,,出口速度為138 m/s,,氣流寬度為1 926 mm,氣流相交距離為64 mm,,風幕覆蓋效果最好,;以噴嘴角度、橫向距離,、籽粒掉落高度為試驗因素,,回收量為評價指標開展了臺架試驗,噴嘴在割臺上最佳布置參數(shù)組合為噴嘴角度19.6°,、橫向距離387 mm;田間試驗結果表明,,油菜割臺損失率為2.48%,,相比傳統(tǒng)收獲作業(yè)下降35.5%~50.4%,有效降低了割臺損失,,滿足油菜低損收獲作業(yè)要求,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems such as big loss of grain dropped from the cutting table due to the mechanical collision of angular fruit frying pods in the process of oilseed rape combine harvesting, a low-loss recovery device of air blowing grain from the cutting table was designed, and the key components of the pneumatic nozzle were also designed. In order to ensure reasonable airflow distribution and recovery effect, the nozzle structure shape was designed by adopting the duckbill structure, and the supporting design of the harvesting device was made to realize the smooth operation of low-loss harvesting on the cutting table. Based on Fluent, the internal flow field of the nozzle was simulated, and the two-factor full factorial simulation test was carried out with the nozzle opening angle and nozzle opening width as the test factors, and with the airflow exit velocity, airflow width and airflow intersection distance as the evaluation indexes. The test results showed that when the nozzle opening angle was 35°, the nozzle opening size was 3 mm, the exit velocity was 138 m/s, the airflow width was 1 926 mm, and the airflow intersection distance was 64 mm, the wind screen coverage effect was the best;the bench test was carried out with the nozzle angle, transverse distance, and kernel drop height as the test factors, and the recycling volume as the evaluation index, and the optimal combinations of the nozzle arrangement parameters in the cutting table were as follows: nozzle angle was 19.6°, lateral distance was 387 mm;field test results showed that the oilseed rape cutting table loss rate was 2.48%, compared with the traditional harvesting operations, it was down by 35.5%~50.4%, effectively reducing the cutting table loss, to meet the oilseed rape low-loss harvesting operation requirements.

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羅海峰,金裕國,童學權,吳明亮,宋熙,蔣嘯虎.油菜聯(lián)合收獲機割臺氣吹式籽粒低損回收噴嘴設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(3):267-278. LUO Haifeng, JIN Yuguo, TONG Xuequan, WU Mingliang, SONG Xi, JIANG Xiaohu. Design and Testing of Air-blown Low-loss Seed Recovery Nozzles for Oilseed Rape Combine Harvester Cutting Decks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(3):267-278.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-03-10
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