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基于處方圖的油菜精準變量施肥調(diào)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2023YFD2001001-1)


Design and Experiment of Precise Variable Fertilization Control System for Oilseed Rape Based on Prescription Maps
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    摘要:

    針對目前油菜直播機施肥作業(yè)過程中施肥調(diào)控精度低、土壤肥力分布不同難以實現(xiàn)時空差異化肥力補給的問題,,設(shè)計了一種基于處方圖的油菜精準變量施肥線性自抗擾調(diào)控系統(tǒng),。提出了基于云端高精度地圖規(guī)劃作業(yè)路徑對施肥處方圖進行柵格劃分的方法,為機具施肥提供了指導(dǎo)性施肥量,。構(gòu)建了排肥器的線性自抗擾控制算法,,Matlab仿真確定了關(guān)鍵參數(shù),并與PID控制算法對比,,線性自抗擾控制算法在抗干擾,、超調(diào)量、穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差分別提高了39.08%,、91.77%,、86.96%。臺架試驗結(jié)果表明:施肥調(diào)控系統(tǒng)在設(shè)定施肥量和作業(yè)速度下,,排肥器顆粒肥排量平均控制精度為98.06%,。路面試驗結(jié)果表明:基于處方圖的變量施肥調(diào)控系統(tǒng)在變量施肥作業(yè)時,通過滯后距離補償,,平均施肥位置滯后距離為0.28 m,,不同位置的施肥量控制精度均大于95.67%。田間試驗結(jié)果表明:線性自抗擾控制算法在不同柵格區(qū)域內(nèi)施肥量控制精度不低于95.21%,,優(yōu)于PID控制算法,。該研究可為油菜生產(chǎn)中基于土壤養(yǎng)分的精準變量施肥提供技術(shù)支持。

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    Aiming at the current reality of low accuracy of fertilizer regulation and control during the fertilizer application operation of oilseed rape direct seeding machine, and the difficulty of realizing spatiotemporal differentiated fertilizer replenishment with different soil fertility distributions, an accurate variable fertilizer application linear self-resistant regulation and control system was designed-based on the prescription map for oilseed rape. A method of raster division of the fertilizer prescription map-based on the cloud-based high-precision map planning operation path was proposed, which provided a guiding fertilizer amount for the machine fertilizer application. A linear self-immunity control algorithm for fertilizer dischargers was constructed. Matlab simulation determined the key parameters, and comparison with the PID control algorithm showed that the linear self-immunity control algorithm improved the anti-interference, overshooting amount, and steady-state error by 39.08%, 91.77%, and 86.96%, respectively, compared with the latter. The results of the bench test showed that the average control accuracy of the fertilizer dispenser’s granular fertilizer discharge was 98.06% under the set fertilizer application rate and operating speed of the fertiliser application regulation system. The road test results indicated that the prescription map-based variable fertilization control system, after compensating for lag distance during variable fertilization operations, achieved an average fertilization position lag distance of 0.28 m, with the control accuracy of fertilizer application volume exceeding 95.67% across different positions. The results of the field test showed that the linear self-immunity control algorithm had a control accuracy of no less than 95.21% of the fertilizer amount in different grid areas, which was better than the PID control algorithm. The research result can provide an effective reference for accurate variable fertilizer application-based on soil nutrients in oilseed rape production.

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丁幼春,李浩鵬,董萬靜,張棟津,徐春保.基于處方圖的油菜精準變量施肥調(diào)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(3):256-266,,300. DING Youchun, LI Haopeng, DONG Wanjing, ZHANG Dongjin, XU Chunbao. Design and Experiment of Precise Variable Fertilization Control System for Oilseed Rape Based on Prescription Maps[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(3):256-266,,300.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-03-10
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