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側拋式棉稈粉碎還田裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022YFD2002403)和兵團財政科技計劃項目(2023AB014)


Design and Experiment of Side-throwing Cotton Stalk Crushing and Returning Device
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    摘要:

    針對目前棉稈粉碎還田裝置作業(yè)過程存在棉稈粉碎長度合格率較低、拋撒還田后碎稈易成行堆積,、分布不均等問題,,設計了一種安裝于殘膜回收機上的側拋式棉稈粉碎還田裝置。闡述了裝置結構及工作原理,,對棉稈粉碎裝置,、側向輸送裝置、碎稈拋撒裝置等關鍵部件進行了結構設計與作業(yè)性能分析,,初步確定了關鍵部件結構與作業(yè)參數,。對碎稈拋撒裝置進行離散元仿真研究,驗證其可提高碎稈還田效果,。設計了側拋式棉稈粉碎還田裝置,,并安裝至殘膜回收機上進行三因素三水平二次回歸正交田間試驗,結果表明最優(yōu)參數為:機具作業(yè)速度8 km/h,、粉碎刀軸轉速2 000 r/min、螺旋輸送器轉速1 200 r/min,。此時,,棉稈粉碎長度合格率為93.96%,拋撒均勻度為86.98%,,平均棉稈粉碎長度為116.9 mm,,平均留茬高度為71.4 mm,研究結果為棉稈粉碎還田裝置優(yōu)化設計提供了理論基礎和支撐,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of low qualified rate of cotton stalk crushing length after operation of cotton stalk crushing and returning device, easy accumulation and uneven distribution of broken stalks after throwing and returning to the field, a side throwing cotton stalk crushing and returning device which can be installed on the residual film recycling machine was designed. The structure and working principle of the device were expounded. The structure design and operation performance analysis of key components such as cotton stalk crushing device, lateral conveying device and broken stalk throwing device were carried out, and the structure and operation parameters of key components were preliminarily determined. The discrete element simulation analysis and experimental design of the straw scattering device were carried out. According to the design scheme, a type of side throwing cotton stalk crushing and returning device was developed and installed on the residual film recycling machine for three-factor and three-level quadratic regression orthogonal field experiment. The results showed that when the forward speed of the machine was 8 km/h, the rotation speed of the crushing knife shaft was 2 000 r/min, and the rotation speed of the screw conveyor was 1 200 r/min, the qualified rate of cotton stalk crushing length was 93.96%, the throwing uniformity was 86.98%, the average cotton stalk crushing length was 116.9 mm, and the average stubble height was 71.4 mm. The machine had the best field operation effect under this parameter combination. The test indexes of the device can meet the design and agronomic requirements, which provided a theoretical basis and support for the structural optimization design of the cotton stalk crushing and returning device.

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顏利民,吳濤,蔣德莉,緱海嘯,付宣赫,張金昊.側拋式棉稈粉碎還田裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(3):216-226. YAN Limin, WU Tao, JIANG Deli, GOU Haixiao, FU Xuanhe, ZHANG Jinhao. Design and Experiment of Side-throwing Cotton Stalk Crushing and Returning Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(3):216-226.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-03-10
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