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玉米品字形高速精量播種機(jī)正壓氣流導(dǎo)槽式導(dǎo)種裝置設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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黑龍江省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃重大項目(2022ZX05B02)和北大荒農(nóng)墾集團(tuán)有限公司2023年農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)制造推廣應(yīng)用一體化試點(diǎn)項目


Design and Experiment of Positive Pressure Airflow Guide Groove Seed Guiding Device for Maize Detal-row High-speed Precision Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對2BDQ系列玉米品字形播種機(jī)高速作業(yè)時(12~16km/h)因氣流裹挾種子進(jìn)入雙側(cè)導(dǎo)種裝置速度過快產(chǎn)生劇烈碰撞,使雙側(cè)種子交錯均勻程度下降導(dǎo)致落種品字成形率低的問題,設(shè)計一種正壓氣流導(dǎo)槽式導(dǎo)種裝置。闡述了導(dǎo)種裝置結(jié)構(gòu)與上下組合式導(dǎo)槽導(dǎo)種原理,建立玉米種子在導(dǎo)槽上引種,、附種過程的力學(xué)模型,探究導(dǎo)種過程中種子約束狀態(tài)與導(dǎo)槽結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的關(guān)系,。采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真方法,分析玉米種子導(dǎo)種速度軌跡并比較氣流場確定上導(dǎo)槽與下導(dǎo)槽寬度比例,通過單因素試驗(yàn)確定上導(dǎo)槽高度、下導(dǎo)槽寬度與輸送氣流正壓取值范圍,。以單因素試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為試驗(yàn)因素水平值,以品字形合格指數(shù),、導(dǎo)種一致性變異系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),利用JPS16型高速播種性能檢測試驗(yàn)臺進(jìn)行三因素三水平Box-Behnken臺架試驗(yàn)設(shè)計,得到導(dǎo)種裝置最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合并進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,并選用4種不同類型的玉米種子進(jìn)行導(dǎo)種裝置最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合的適播試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為上導(dǎo)槽高度354.491mm,、下導(dǎo)槽寬度2.245mm,、輸送氣流正壓0.739kPa,驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)下該參數(shù)組合的品字形合格指數(shù)為91.791%、導(dǎo)種一致性變異系數(shù)為6.111%,與優(yōu)化結(jié)果相符,在田間試驗(yàn)作業(yè)速度12~16km/h工況中測得品字形合格指數(shù)不低于85.1%,。

    Abstract:

    In view of the current 2BDQ maize delta-row seeder high-speed operation (12 ~ 16 km / h) due to the airflow wrapped seeds into the bilateral seed guide device speed is too fast to produce a violent collision, so that the bilateral seed staggered uniformity was decreased, resulting in the problem of low forming rate of the falling seed, a positive pressure air guide groove type seed guide device was designed. The structure of the seed guiding device and the principle of the upper and lower combined seed guiding groove were expounded. The mechanical model of the introduction and attachment process of corn seeds on the guide groove was established, and the relationship between the seed constraint state and the structural parameters of the guide groove during the seed guiding process was explored. The DEM-CFD coupling simulation method was used to analyze the speed trajectory curve of corn seed introduction to determine the width ratio of the upper guide groove and the lower guide groove, and the range of the upper guide groove slotting height, the lower guide groove width and the positive pressure value of the conveying airflow was determined by single factor test. Taking the range of single factor test results as the level value of test factors, the qualified index of glyph and the coefficient of variation of seed introduction consistency as the test indexes, the Box-Behnken design bench test of three factors and three levels was carried out by using JPS-16 high-speed seeding performance test bench, and the optimal parameter combination of seed introduction device was obtained and verified by test. Four kinds of seeds were selected to carry out the suitable sowing test of the device. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination was the upper guide groove slotting height of 354.491 mm, the lower guide groove width of 2.245 mm, and the positive pressure value of the conveying air flow of 0.739 kPa. Under the verification test, the qualified index of the parameter combination was 91.791% , and the variation coefficient of the seed guiding consistency was 6.111% , which was consistent with the optimization results. In the field test, the qualified index of the glyph was not less than 85.1% at working speed of 12 ~ 16 km / h.

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衣淑娟,張淯朋,戴智博,孔泠童,孫文勝,許磊.玉米品字形高速精量播種機(jī)正壓氣流導(dǎo)槽式導(dǎo)種裝置設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2025,56(2):261-274. YI Shujuan, ZHANG Yupeng, DAI Zhibo, KONG Lingtong, SUN Wensheng, XU Lei. Design and Experiment of Positive Pressure Airflow Guide Groove Seed Guiding Device for Maize Detal-row High-speed Precision Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(2):261-274.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-02-10
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