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精準(zhǔn)噴施型水田自適應(yīng)除草機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金聯(lián)合基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目(ZL2024E001),、國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD200060502)和國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(32472012)


Design and Experiment of Precision Spray-type Adaptive Weeder for Paddy Fields
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    摘要:

    水田除草是提升水稻產(chǎn)量的關(guān)鍵農(nóng)藝措施,其中化學(xué)除草因其高效性被廣泛應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)化學(xué)除草依賴人工操作,且常采用大面積噴施,操作成本增加的同時還易引起環(huán)境污染等負(fù)面問題,?;诖吮尘?設(shè)計了一款精準(zhǔn)噴施型水田除草機(jī)用于自適應(yīng)除草作業(yè)。搭建了除草機(jī)噴施裝置及系統(tǒng),基于構(gòu)建的多樣化水田雜草數(shù)據(jù)集設(shè)計了以MSYOLOv7為核心框架的雜草檢測系統(tǒng)。MSYOLOv7模型將骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)與MobileOne相結(jié)合,將CIoU損失函數(shù)替換為SIoU損失函數(shù),。通過消融試驗(yàn)和不同模型對比試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證模型性能,結(jié)果顯示模型識別精度為95.65%,平均精度均值(mAP)為92.67%,實(shí)時性達(dá)到51.29f/s,。在樹莓派上使用OpenVINO對IR模型進(jìn)行推理,檢測單幅水田雜草圖像耗時0.806s。構(gòu)建的噴施系統(tǒng)能即時捕捉并解析來自雜草檢測系統(tǒng)的傳輸信號,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)對除草噴施裝置的精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,精準(zhǔn)噴施型水田自適應(yīng)除草機(jī)傷苗率為2.95%,對靶施藥準(zhǔn)確率為94.98%,變異系數(shù)為0.128%,滿足水田除草的農(nóng)藝要求,。該除草機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)了水田除草無人化操作,可為農(nóng)業(yè)的智能化發(fā)展提供技術(shù)參考。

    Abstract:

    Weed control in paddy fields is a key agronomic measure to improve rice yield, and chemical weed control is widely used because of its high efficiency. Traditional chemical weed control relies on manual operation and often uses large area spraying, which increases the operation cost and causes negative problems such as environmental pollution. Based on this background, a precision spraying type paddy weeder for adaptive weeding operation was designed. The weeder spraying device and system were constructed, and the weed detection system with MS YOLO v7 as the core framework was designed based on the constructed diversified paddy field weed dataset. The MS YOLO v7 model combined the backbone network with MobileOne, and replaced the CIoU loss function with the SIoU loss function. The model performance was verified by ablation test and different model comparison test, and the results showed that the model recognition accuracy was 95.65% , the mean average precision ( mAP) was 92.67% , and the real-time performance reached 51.29 f / s. The IR model was reasoned by using OpenVINO on Raspberry Pi, and the detection of a single paddy field weed image took 0.806 s. The constructed spraying system can instantly capture and analyze the transmission signals from the weed detection system, and then realize the precise regulation of the weed spraying device. The results of the field test showed that the precision spraying type paddy field adaptive weeder had a seedling injury rate of 2.95% , a target application accuracy of 94.98% , and a coefficient of variation of 0.128% , which met the agronomic requirements for weed control in paddy fields. The weeder realized the unmanned operation of paddy field weeding and it can provide technical reference for the intelligent development of agriculture.

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王金峰,朱朋運(yùn),初宇航,徐琛,宋育嶺,王一甲.精準(zhǔn)噴施型水田自適應(yīng)除草機(jī)設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2025,56(2):195-205. WANG Jinfeng, ZHU Pengyun, CHU Yuhang, XU Chen, SONG Yuling, WANG Yijia. Design and Experiment of Precision Spray-type Adaptive Weeder for Paddy Fields[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(2):195-205.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-02-10
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