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抓搖式設(shè)施冬棗摘熟留青振動(dòng)采收裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2023YFD2000401-2)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32372009)


Optimization and Test of Ripe-picking and Green-leaving Harvesting Parameters for Winter Jujube Catch-and-shake Vibration Device under Facility Orchard
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    摘要:

    為實(shí)現(xiàn)冬棗摘熟留青分批收獲,針對(duì)設(shè)施棗園種植環(huán)境設(shè)計(jì)了一款用于冬棗振動(dòng)采收參數(shù)尋優(yōu),,具有信息感知功能可調(diào)幅變頻的試驗(yàn)裝置。為探究受迫振動(dòng)下影響棗果脫落的主要因素,,獲得最大熟果脫落率和最小青果脫落率,,構(gòu)建了果實(shí)單擺動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,通過(guò)對(duì)模型的求解,,確定了影響果實(shí)脫落的主要因素為振動(dòng)頻率,、振動(dòng)幅值和振動(dòng)時(shí)間。然后,,采用顯示推拉計(jì)進(jìn)行脫落模擬試驗(yàn),,確定了熟果、青果,、果柄的脫落次序,,證明了摘熟留青的可行性。最后,,建立了脫落率與采收機(jī)收獲參數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)模型,,以熟果脫落率和青果脫落率為指標(biāo)對(duì)采收參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,,得到冬棗摘熟留青最佳參數(shù)組合:振動(dòng)頻率為12.66 Hz、振動(dòng)幅值為15.02 mm,、振動(dòng)時(shí)間為3.98 s,,此時(shí),熟果脫落率為70.08%,青果脫落率為11.97%,。并對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與優(yōu)化值相近。

    Abstract:

    To achieve the ripe-picking and green-leaving harvesting of winter jujube, and considering the planting environment of facility jujube orchards, an adjustable-amplitude, variable-frequency test device with information sensing capabilities was designed to find the vibration harvesting parameters of winter jujube.The main factors affecting the shedding of jujube fruits under forced vibration were explored to obtain the maximum shedding rate of ripe fruits and the minimum shedding rate of green fruits.A fruit pendulum dynamics model was constructed to solve the model and determine that the main factors affecting fruit shedding were vibration frequency, vibration amplitude and vibration time.Then a shedding simulation test was carried out on a display push-pull meter to determine the shedding order of ripe fruits, green fruits and fruit stalks, which proved the feasibility of picking ripe fruits and leaving green ones.Finally, the mathematical model between the shedding rate and the harvesting parameters of the harvester was established.The harvesting parameters were optimized with the ripe fruit shedding rate and green fruit shedding rate as indicators, and the optimal parameter combination for picking ripe winter jujube and leaving green jujube was obtained as follows:the shedding rate of ripe fruit was 70.08%, and the shedding rate of green fruit was 11.97% when the vibration frequency was 12.66 Hz, the vibration amplitude was 15.02 mm, and the vibration time was 3.98 s.The optimization results were verified by field tests, and the test results were close to the optimized values.

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鄭洲洲,胡耀華,趙鵬飛,董建鑫,黃玉祥.抓搖式設(shè)施冬棗摘熟留青振動(dòng)采收裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(1):245-253. ZHENG Zhouzhou, HU Yaohua, ZHAO Pengfei, DONG Jianxin, HUANG Yuxiang. Optimization and Test of Ripe-picking and Green-leaving Harvesting Parameters for Winter Jujube Catch-and-shake Vibration Device under Facility Orchard[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(1):245-253.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-10
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