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圓盤滑刀式小粒徑蔬菜窄行密植播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51975238)和武漢市農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(XKCX202406-1)


Design and Testing of Disc-sliding Knife Narrow-row Precision Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)菠菜等小粒徑蔬菜種子窄行密植種植農(nóng)藝中播種均勻性要求高和缺乏適用播種機(jī)械等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種集旋耕起壟,、開溝,、播種、覆土等功能于一體的窄行密植精密播種機(jī),,實(shí)現(xiàn)密植蔬菜壟上窄行精量播種作業(yè),。闡述了播種機(jī)整機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案,設(shè)計(jì)了開溝-排種總成,;通過分析氣力針式行星輪系窄行密植多行并聯(lián)精密排種器投種過程種子受力與運(yùn)動(dòng),,明確了影響落種軌跡及株距均勻性的主要因素;通過構(gòu)建開溝器與土壤接觸力學(xué)模型,,確定了開溝器圓盤,、滑刀式分土板和投種口結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);開展開溝器作業(yè)過程離散元仿真,,以開溝深度,、滑刀式分土板傾角、作業(yè)速度為試驗(yàn)因素,,以土壤擾動(dòng)量和開溝深度變異系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),,進(jìn)行二次回歸正交組合試驗(yàn),得到開溝器各參數(shù)最優(yōu)組合為開溝深度45.45 mm,、滑刀式分土板傾角20.14°,、作業(yè)速度0.40 m/s。田間作業(yè)開種溝試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下,,圓盤-滑刀組合式開溝器開溝深度變異系數(shù)為9.57%,土壤擾動(dòng)量為13.37 cm2,,開溝性能較優(yōu),;田間播種試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,窄行密植精密播種機(jī)播種作業(yè)后單行苗數(shù)變異系數(shù),、各行苗數(shù)一致性變異系數(shù)均不高于9.95%,,滿足小粒徑蔬菜種子窄行密植播種農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In response to issues such as the high requirements for uniform seeding and the lack of suitable sowing machinery when using narrow-row dense planting agronomy for small-seed vegetables like spinach, a narrow-row precision seeder that integrated functions such as rotary tilling, ridging, furrowing, seeding, and soil covering was designed. This seeder achieved precise sowing in narrow rows on ridges for densely planted vegetables like spinach. The study outlined the overall design of the seeder, with a focus on the design of the furrowing and seed dispensing assembly. By analyzing the forces and movement of seeds during the dispensing process in a pneumatic needle-type planetary gear system for narrow-row multi-row parallel precision seeding, the main factors affecting seed drop trajectory and plant spacing uniformity were identified. A mechanical model of the furrow opener’s interaction with the soil was constructed, and the structural parameters of the furrow opener disc, sliding knife-type soil separator, and seed drop opening were determined. A discrete element simulation analysis of the furrow opener’s operation was conducted, using furrow depth, sliding knife-type soil separator inclination, and operating speed as test factors, with soil disturbance and furrow depth coefficient of variation as test indicators. A second-order regression orthogonal combination experiment was carried out to determine the optimal parameter combination for the furrow opener as a furrow depth of 45.45 mm, a sliding knife-type soil separator inclination of 20.14°, and an operating speed of 0.40 m/s. Field furrow opening tests showed that under the optimal parameter combination, the coefficient of variation in furrow depth for the disc-sliding knife combination furrow opener was 9.57%, with a soil disturbance amount of 13.37 cm2, indicating superior furrow opening performance. Field seeding tests showed that the coefficients of variation for the number of seedlings per row and consistency of seedlings across rows after sowing with the narrow-row precision seeder were no more than 9.95%, meeting the agronomic requirements for narrow-row dense planting of small-seed vegetables.

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李運(yùn)通,鄭娟,張百祥,劉海,廖慶喜,廖宜濤.圓盤滑刀式小粒徑蔬菜窄行密植播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2025,56(1):197-209. LI Yuntong, ZHENG Juan, ZHANG Baixiang, LIU Hai, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao. Design and Testing of Disc-sliding Knife Narrow-row Precision Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(1):197-209.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-10
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