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稻茬田油菜直播秸稈覆蓋還田裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000401)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32001427)和財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Rape Direct Seeding Straw Mulching Returning Device in Rice Stubble Field
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    摘要:

    針對長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜直播作業(yè)時,,地表留存的水稻秸稈質(zhì)量大,,直播機觸土部件進(jìn)行秸稈混埋、深埋等作業(yè)時,,存在秸稈全量還田難度大,、機具易堵塞等問題,設(shè)計了一種稻茬田油菜直播秸稈覆蓋還田裝置,,該裝置可與油菜直播機配合作業(yè),,完成秸稈后鋪覆蓋還田、開畦溝,、滅茬旋耕碎土,、施肥播種等作業(yè)工序,實現(xiàn)部分秸稈廂面覆蓋還田,,可以通過液壓系統(tǒng)控制裝置作業(yè)參數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)部分秸稈混埋還田作業(yè)效果和廂面覆蓋秸稈質(zhì)量,。秸稈覆蓋還田裝置主要由撥秸部件、割秸部件,、提秸部件,、輸秸部件和液壓系統(tǒng)等組成,,通過動力學(xué)與運動學(xué)分析,,確定秸稈覆蓋還田裝置關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)及運行參數(shù),。開展田間試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明,,油菜直播秸稈覆蓋還田裝置各工作部件作業(yè)正常,,機組作業(yè)通過順暢,當(dāng)秸稈覆蓋輸入量為1.9~2.7 kg/s時,,機具作業(yè)后廂面秸稈覆蓋作業(yè)均勻性好,,當(dāng)輸入秸稈量達(dá)2.7 kg/s時,秸稈覆蓋作業(yè)均勻性系數(shù)可達(dá)90.8%,,研究結(jié)果為稻茬田油菜直播秸稈覆蓋還田裝置設(shè)計提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    In the rice-rapeseed rape rotation area of mid-lower Yangtze River, due to the heavy soil in this area, the amount of straw floating on the surface is large, and it is difficult to carry out the operation of straw mixed burial and deep burial by the direct seeding machine, and the machine is easy to block. A straw mulching and returning device was designed. The device can cooperate with the rape direct seeding machine to complete the operation procedures of straw returning, furrowing, stubble rotary tillage, soil crushing, fertilization and sowing, and realize partial straw cover returning. The operation parameters of the hydraulic system control device can be used to adjust the operation effect of partial straw mixed burial returning and the quality of straw covered on the box. The straw mulching and returning device was mainly composed of straw parts, straw cutting parts, straw lifting parts, straw conveying parts and hydraulic system. Through dynamic and kinematic analysis, the structure and operation parameters of the key components of the straw mulching and returning device were determined. In order to verify the operation effect of the device, a field experiment was carried out. The results showed that the working parts of the rape direct seeding straw mulching and returning device worked normally, and the unit operation passed smoothly. When the input amount of straw mulching was 1.9~2.7 kg/s, the uniformity of straw mulching on the box surface after the operation of the machine was good. When the amount of input straw reached 2.7 kg/s, the uniformity of straw mulching can reach 90.8%. The relevant research provided a reference for the design of straw mulching and returning device for direct seeding rape in rice stubble field.

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張青松,齊濤,燕桓,廖慶喜,杜文斌,蔡家順.稻茬田油菜直播秸稈覆蓋還田裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2025,56(1):186-196. ZHANG Qingsong, QI Tao, YAN Huan, LIAO Qingxi, DU Wenbin, CAI Jiashun. Design and Experiment of Rape Direct Seeding Straw Mulching Returning Device in Rice Stubble Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(1):186-196.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-10
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