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玉米免耕播種機動力補償自適應清秸裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000401-2),、山東省中小企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力提升工程項目(2023TSGC0339)、山東省農業(yè)重大技術協(xié)同推廣計劃項目(SDNYXTTG-2024-03)和山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2022QE150)


Design and Experiment of Dynamic Compensation Adaptive Straw Removal Device for Corn No-till Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對黃淮海兩熟區(qū)麥茬地秸稈覆蓋量大,、切碎質量差、根茬處理難,,傳統(tǒng)玉米免耕播種機清秸清茬效果有限,,能耗高,高速作業(yè)易擁堵等問題,,設計了動力補償自適應清秸裝置,。通過分析清秸盤前傾角和安裝夾角、作業(yè)速度和清秸盤轉速等參數(shù)對清秸作業(yè)效果的影響,,確定了清秸裝置結構參數(shù)和運動參數(shù)的取值范圍,。以作業(yè)速度,、清秸盤轉速和安裝夾角為試驗因素,以種床清秸率和作業(yè)功耗為試驗指標,,通過EDEM離散元仿真軟件,,對不同參數(shù)下清秸裝置作業(yè)進行仿真對比,確定了各參數(shù)對清秸裝置性能的影響規(guī)律,。設計了被動清秸和主動清秸結合的動力補償自適應控制系統(tǒng),,進行田間試驗,結果表明:當出現(xiàn)擁堵時,,清秸裝置能夠及時進行動力補償,,進入主動清秸作業(yè)狀態(tài),解決擁堵,;作業(yè)速度為12 km/h,、清秸盤安裝夾角為67.5°、清秸盤轉速為130 r/min,、入秸入土深度為55 mm時,,平均種床清秸率為88.93%,最高達91.33%,,較完全主動清秸方式節(jié)省功耗43.50%以上,,作業(yè)幅寬滿足黃淮海兩熟區(qū)免耕播種作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    Corn no-till seeding in the wheat stubble field of Huang-Huai-Hai double-cropping area was facilitated the problems of large amount of straw covered, poor quality cutting and difficult stubble treatment. However, the performance of removing stubble by traditional corn no-tillage planter was limited, results in easy congestion in high-speed operation and high energy consumption. A dynamic compensation adaptive straw removal device was designed. By analyzing the influence of front tilt angle, installation angle, working speed and rotating speed of the cleaning tray on the cleaning effect, the value range of the structure parameters and motion parameters of the straw removal device were determined. With the operation speed, rotation speed and installation angle as test factors, and the removal rate and power consumption as test indexes, the operation of the straw removal device under different parameters was simulated and compared by using EDEM discrete element simulation software, and the influence rule of each parameter on the performance of the straw removal device was determined. Meanwhile, a dynamic compensation adaptive control system combining passive and active straw clearing was designed and field experiments were carried out. The results showed that when congestion occurred, the dynamic compensation in the straw removal device was carried out and the device entered the active stubble clearing mode automatically. While the straw removal device was dived by electric machine and the congestion of straw removal device could be solved in time. When the operation speed was 12 km/h, the installation angle of the two straw tray was 67.5°, the rotation speed of the straw tray was 130 r/min, and the depth of straw insertion was 55 mm, the average straw removal rate was 88.93% and the maximum was 91.33%. However, the power dissipation was lower 43.50% than that of the completely active straw removal mode and the operation width met the requirement of no-tillage sowing. The research result can provide an idea for the design of high speed corn no-till planter in Huang-Huai-Hai double-cropping area.

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張銀平,郝澤華,徐婷,刁培松,周華,梅文凱.玉米免耕播種機動力補償自適應清秸裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(1):174-185. ZHANG Yinping, HAO Zehua, XU Ting, DIAO Peisong, ZHOU Hua, MEI Wenkai. Design and Experiment of Dynamic Compensation Adaptive Straw Removal Device for Corn No-till Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(1):174-185.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-10
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