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農用無人機播撒裝置與技術研究綜述
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國家自然科學基金項目(32301716)和山東省自然科學基金項目(ZR2023QC047)


Review of Research Progress on Agricultural UAV Spreading Devices and Technology
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    摘要:

    隨著精準農業(yè)航空的迅速發(fā)展,無人機憑借其高效且精準的優(yōu)勢在農業(yè)顆粒物料播撒領域得到廣泛應用。飛播裝置是實現(xiàn)無人機播撒的基礎,飛播關鍵技術是改善無人機播撒效果的核心,與飛播配套的農藝管理是飛播質量的保障。首先概述了無人機播撒技術的發(fā)展歷程,指出其在提高播種效率、減少勞動力和優(yōu)化資源配置方面的重要性。重點闡述了現(xiàn)有的無人機飛播裝置及其關鍵技術研究成果,包括關鍵部件結構優(yōu)化、參數(shù)優(yōu)選以及顆粒質量流量的檢測方法。總結了無人機在大田播種、變量施肥、造林種草和生物防治等多個領域的應用情況。最后,分析了無人機播撒技術在農業(yè)實際應用中面臨的挑戰(zhàn),提出未來研究內容包括:繼續(xù)加強飛播裝置創(chuàng)新設計,研發(fā)輕量化、模塊化、智能化的飛播裝置;研發(fā)適用于低空播撒的大載荷無人機,提升作業(yè)性能,降低作業(yè)成本;加強針對無人機播撒的配套農藝技術研究;加強無人機飛播過程控制和智慧決策。

    Abstract:

    With the rapid development of precision agriculture aviation, UAVs have been widely used in the field of agricultural particle spreading by virtue of their efficient and precise advantages. Aerial spreading device is the basis for realising UAV spreading, the key technology of aerial spreading is the key to improve the effect of UAV spreading, and the agronomic management supporting aerial spreading is the guarantee to ensure the quality of aerial seeding. First of all, the development history of UAV spreading technology was outlined, pointing out its importance in improving spreading efficiency, reducing labour and optimizing resource allocation. Existing UAV aerial spreading devices and their key technological research results were highlighted, including key component optimization, parameter preference and detection methods for particle mass flow. The applications of UAVs in various fields such as field seeding, variable fertilizer application, afforestation and grass planting and biological control were summarized. In conclusion, the challenges faced by UAV spreading technology in practical agricultural applications were analyzed, and future research was proposed as follows: continuing to strengthen the innovative design of the aerial spreading device, developing lightweight, modular and intelligent aerial seeding devices;doing research and development of large payload UAVs suitable for low-altitude spreading, improving operational performance and reducing operational costs;strengthening research on supporting agronomic technologies for UAV spreading and strengthening the process control and intelligent decision-making of aerial spreading.

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宋燦燦,王國賓,韓金鋼,蘭玉彬,王會征,趙靜.農用無人機播撒裝置與技術研究綜述[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2025,56(1):110-122. SONG Cancan, WANG Guobin, HAN Jin’gang, LAN Yubin, WANG Huizheng, ZHAO Jing. Review of Research Progress on Agricultural UAV Spreading Devices and Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(1):110-122.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-10
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