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農(nóng)用無人機(jī)播撒裝置與技術(shù)研究綜述
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32301716)和山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2023QC047)


Review of Research Progress on Agricultural UAV Spreading Devices and Technology
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    摘要:

    隨著精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)航空的迅速發(fā)展,,無人機(jī)憑借其高效且精準(zhǔn)的優(yōu)勢在農(nóng)業(yè)顆粒物料播撒領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用。飛播裝置是實現(xiàn)無人機(jī)播撒的基礎(chǔ),,飛播關(guān)鍵技術(shù)是改善無人機(jī)播撒效果的核心,,與飛播配套的農(nóng)藝管理是飛播質(zhì)量的保障。首先概述了無人機(jī)播撒技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程,,指出其在提高播種效率,、減少勞動力和優(yōu)化資源配置方面的重要性。重點闡述了現(xiàn)有的無人機(jī)飛播裝置及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究成果,,包括關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化,、參數(shù)優(yōu)選以及顆粒質(zhì)量流量的檢測方法,。總結(jié)了無人機(jī)在大田播種,、變量施肥,、造林種草和生物防治等多個領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用情況。最后,,分析了無人機(jī)播撒技術(shù)在農(nóng)業(yè)實際應(yīng)用中面臨的挑戰(zhàn),,提出未來研究內(nèi)容包括:繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)飛播裝置創(chuàng)新設(shè)計,研發(fā)輕量化,、模塊化,、智能化的飛播裝置;研發(fā)適用于低空播撒的大載荷無人機(jī),,提升作業(yè)性能,,降低作業(yè)成本;加強(qiáng)針對無人機(jī)播撒的配套農(nóng)藝技術(shù)研究,;加強(qiáng)無人機(jī)飛播過程控制和智慧決策,。

    Abstract:

    With the rapid development of precision agriculture aviation, UAVs have been widely used in the field of agricultural particle spreading by virtue of their efficient and precise advantages. Aerial spreading device is the basis for realising UAV spreading, the key technology of aerial spreading is the key to improve the effect of UAV spreading, and the agronomic management supporting aerial spreading is the guarantee to ensure the quality of aerial seeding. First of all, the development history of UAV spreading technology was outlined, pointing out its importance in improving spreading efficiency, reducing labour and optimizing resource allocation. Existing UAV aerial spreading devices and their key technological research results were highlighted, including key component optimization, parameter preference and detection methods for particle mass flow. The applications of UAVs in various fields such as field seeding, variable fertilizer application, afforestation and grass planting and biological control were summarized. In conclusion, the challenges faced by UAV spreading technology in practical agricultural applications were analyzed, and future research was proposed as follows: continuing to strengthen the innovative design of the aerial spreading device, developing lightweight, modular and intelligent aerial seeding devices;doing research and development of large payload UAVs suitable for low-altitude spreading, improving operational performance and reducing operational costs;strengthening research on supporting agronomic technologies for UAV spreading and strengthening the process control and intelligent decision-making of aerial spreading.

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宋燦燦,王國賓,韓金鋼,蘭玉彬,王會征,趙靜.農(nóng)用無人機(jī)播撒裝置與技術(shù)研究綜述[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2025,56(1):110-122. SONG Cancan, WANG Guobin, HAN Jin’gang, LAN Yubin, WANG Huizheng, ZHAO Jing. Review of Research Progress on Agricultural UAV Spreading Devices and Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2025,56(1):110-122.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2025-01-10
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