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往復(fù)式杭白菊采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-21)


Design and Testing of Reciprocating Chrysanthemum morifolium Picking Device
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    摘要:

    杭白菊采收一直以人工采摘為主,,面向高質(zhì)量發(fā)展要求,,亟需開展杭白菊機(jī)械化采收關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究,推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,。通過對(duì)杭白菊生長(zhǎng)特性和采摘要求的深入分析,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)的往復(fù)式梳齒菊花采摘裝置。該裝置采用一對(duì)偏置式曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)驅(qū)動(dòng)梳齒排進(jìn)行采摘,,通過傳動(dòng)軸傳遞動(dòng)力實(shí)現(xiàn)兩側(cè)曲柄同步轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)并利用毛刷將菊花聚攏完成采摘以及輸送至料倉(cāng)中,。為優(yōu)化裝置結(jié)構(gòu)和工作參數(shù),首先分析采摘裝置工作原理,,確定了梳齒和曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),。隨后,基于ADAMS軟件建立菊花與采摘裝置的剛?cè)狁詈夏P?,?duì)采摘過程進(jìn)行仿真,,確定了作業(yè)深度、曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速和行駛速度為影響采摘效果的3個(gè)因素,。為了進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的有效性,,采用二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),并對(duì)試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的多元回歸擬合分析,,得出各指標(biāo)回歸方程,,并優(yōu)化裝置工作參數(shù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)曲柄轉(zhuǎn)速為 42 r/min,、作業(yè)深度為216 mm、行駛速度為0.2 m/s時(shí),采摘率為90.06%,,破損率為0.59%,,含雜率為7.21%。往復(fù)式梳齒菊花采摘裝置穩(wěn)定性良好,,能夠有效提高杭白菊采摘效率,,降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。

    Abstract:

    Based on an in-depth analysis of the growth characteristics and picking requirements of Chrysanthemum morifolium, a reciprocating comb-tooth chrysanthemum picking device was designed. The device utilized an offset crank-slider mechanism to drive the comb-tooth array for picking and employed brushes to gather and transport the picked chrysanthemums to a collection box.To optimize the structure and working parameters of the device, force analysis and theoretical calculations were conducted to determine the design and parameters of the picking components.Subsequently, a coupled rigid-flexible model of the chrysanthemum and the picking device was established by using ADAMS software for simulation analysis of the picking process. Furthermore, a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination experiment was employed to study the effects of crank speed, working depth, and travel speed on picking rate, damage rate, and impurity rate.Multivariate regression fitting analysis of the experimental data yielded regression equations for each indicator and optimized the device′s working parameters. The test results showed that when the crank speed was 42 r/min, the working depth was 216 mm, and the travel speed was 0.2 m/s, the picking rate can reach 90.06%, the damage rate was 0.59%, and the impurity rate was 7.21%. This reciprocating comb-tooth chrysanthemum picking device demonstrated good passability and stability,,effectively improving the picking efficiency of Chrysanthemum morifolium and reducing labor intensity. The research result can provide a significant reference for the mechanization of chrysanthemum picking, addressing the issues of traditional manual picking methods which were inefficient and labor-intensive, thereby contributing to the advancement of chrysanthemum harvesting technology.

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王慶祝,李愛潮,高磊,魏青,吳敏,趙永軍,鄭志安.往復(fù)式杭白菊采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(s2):95-103,,199. WANG Qingzhu, LI Aichao, GAO Lei, WEI Qing, WU Min, ZHAO Yongjun, ZHENG Zhian. Design and Testing of Reciprocating Chrysanthemum morifolium Picking Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(s2):95-103,199.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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