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退化羊草地切根釋壓松土工藝研究與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2001903)和財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-34)


Research and Experiment on Loosening Soil by Cutting Roots to Release Pressure for Degraded Leymus chinensis Grassland
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    摘要:

    以羊草等根莖型或根莖疏叢型牧草為建群種的天然草地退化狀況嚴(yán)重,,機(jī)械化松土是改良這類草地的重要手段之一,但不恰當(dāng)?shù)乃赏练绞綐O易破壞草地植被,,并導(dǎo)致土壤沙化,。為探討適宜改良退化羊草地的松土方式,提出了一種切根釋壓松土方法,。以海拉爾地區(qū)的退化草地為研究對(duì)象,,采用離散元仿真與田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)合的方式開展了傳統(tǒng)松土、對(duì)縫松土和切根釋壓松土對(duì)比試驗(yàn),,分析3種松土方式對(duì)草地的擾動(dòng)過程,、作業(yè)質(zhì)量及松土阻力的影響。仿真結(jié)果表明:切根釋壓松土比傳統(tǒng)松土和對(duì)縫松土對(duì)土壤的疏松效果更好,,提高了深層土壤流動(dòng)性并降低了表層土壤擾動(dòng),。將仿真結(jié)果與田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比,結(jié)果表明3種松土方式作業(yè)后的耕作部件松土阻力變化趨勢(shì)一致,。切根釋壓松土方式松土阻力最小,,仿真結(jié)果為3692.75N,田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為4677.84N,。傳統(tǒng)松土方式松土阻力最大,仿真結(jié)果為5348.80N,,田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為6489.40N,。對(duì)縫松土方式松土阻力介于兩者之間,仿真結(jié)果為4713.33N,,田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為5433.24N,。這表明切根釋壓松土方式具有較好的減阻效果。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,松土方式對(duì)作業(yè)質(zhì)量具有顯著性影響,。相同耕作深度土層內(nèi),切根釋壓松土方式相較傳統(tǒng)松土和對(duì)縫松土作業(yè)后的土壤堅(jiān)實(shí)度均值分別降低6.19%和12.67%,土壤容重均值分別降低1.19%和3.16%,。同時(shí)切根釋壓松土方式對(duì)表層土壤擾動(dòng)最小,,土壤疏松效果更好,作業(yè)后的土壤擾動(dòng)系數(shù)和土壤蓬松度均值分別為49.05%和25.81%,。研究結(jié)果可為改進(jìn)退化羊草地松土工藝,,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)草地松土改良機(jī)具提供依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Natural grasslands with rhizome-type or rhizome-sparse grasses such as Leymus chinensis as the established species are in serious degradation. Mechanical soil loosening is one of the important means to improve this type of grassland. However, inappropriate methods of soil loosening can easily damage the grassland vegetation, and lead to soil desertification. In order to explore the suitable soil scarification method for improving degraded Leymus chinensis grassland, a method of loosening the soil by cutting roots to release pressure was proposed. Taking the degraded grassland in Hailar area as the research object, a comparative test of traditional loosening, loosening the soil along the cracks, and loosening the soil by cutting roots to release pressure was carried out by using a combination of discrete element simulation and field test. The effects of three loosening methods on the grassland disturbance process, work quality and loosening resistance were analyzed. The simulation results showed that loosening the soil by cutting roots to release pressure had a better loosening effect on the soil than traditional loosening and loosening the soil along the cracks. It improved the fluidity of the inner soil and reduced the disturbance of surface soil. Comparing the simulation results with field test, the results showed that the change trend of the loosening resistance of the tillage parts after the three loosening methods were consistent. The method of loosening the soil by cutting roots to release pressure had the smallest soil loosening resistance, the simulation result was 3692.75N, and the field test result was 4677.84N. The traditional loosening method had the highest loosening resistance, the simulation result was 5348.80N, and the field test result was 6489.40N. The loosening resistance of the method of loosening the soil along the cracks was between the two, the simulation result was 4713.33N, and the field test result was 5433.24N. The results showed that loosening soil by cutting roots to release pressure method had a better drag reduction effect. Field test results showed that soil loosening methods had a significant impact on work quality. In the soil layer with the same tillage depth, by comparing the traditional loosening and loosening the soil along the cracks, the soil compactness after loosening the soil by cutting roots to release pressure was decreased by 6.19% and 12.67%, respectively, and the mean soil bulk density was decreased by 1.19% and 3.16%, respectively. At the same time, loosening the soil by cutting roots to release pressure method caused the least disturbance to the surface soil and had a better soil loosening effect. The average values of the soil disturbance coefficient and soil bulkiness after the operation were 49.05% and 25.81%, respectively. The research results can provide an important basis for proposing soil scarification improvement technology for degraded Leymus chinensis grassland and optimizing the design of grassland scarification improvement equipment.

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王昭宇,尤泳,賀長(zhǎng)彬,王德成,張學(xué)寧.退化羊草地切根釋壓松土工藝研究與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(12):404-417. WANG Zhaoyu, YOU Yong, HE Changbin, WANG Decheng, ZHANG Xuening. Research and Experiment on Loosening Soil by Cutting Roots to Release Pressure for Degraded Leymus chinensis Grassland[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(12):404-417.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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