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核桃機(jī)械振動(dòng)采摘枝干能量傳遞特性研究
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中國(guó)機(jī)械工業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司青年科技基金項(xiàng)目(QNJJ-PY-2022-24)


Energy Transfer Characteristics of Walnut Trunk and Branches in Mechanical Vibration Picking
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    摘要:

    為研究核桃樹受到外部振動(dòng)激勵(lì)載荷作用下枝干振動(dòng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性,揭示機(jī)械振動(dòng)采摘能量傳遞規(guī)律,,建立核桃樹-采摘機(jī)振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,,采用對(duì)稱雙偏心式核桃采摘機(jī)夾持主干的作業(yè)方式,并按照規(guī)定的路徑和監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)安裝三軸振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器的方法進(jìn)行田間振動(dòng)能量傳遞試驗(yàn),,主干振動(dòng)位移響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)表明:受對(duì)稱雙偏心式激振時(shí),,核桃樹主干運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程發(fā)生擺動(dòng),沿夾持位置Z方向做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),。由三軸振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)傳感器獲得的核桃樹受迫振動(dòng)枝干振動(dòng)位移和動(dòng)能幅值變化規(guī)律可知:核桃振動(dòng)采摘過(guò)程中機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)能,,從主干激振位置以能量波的形式向上枝條自由端傳遞,傳遞過(guò)程中各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)處依次獲得動(dòng)能,,傳遞距離越遠(yuǎn),,動(dòng)能衰減越多。枝條在空間運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中發(fā)生擺動(dòng)彎曲,,使其在生長(zhǎng)方向存在瞬間小范圍可恢復(fù)性形變,。由于枝組長(zhǎng)度較短等因素的影響,其空間運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中上下擺動(dòng)幅度大于左右擺動(dòng)幅度,,與枝條和側(cè)枝空間擺動(dòng)幅度規(guī)律相反,。通過(guò)對(duì)激振頻率13~30Hz作業(yè)下最遠(yuǎn)端枝條受迫振動(dòng)動(dòng)能均值分析表明,,采摘機(jī)在激振頻率23~25Hz作業(yè)時(shí),試驗(yàn)核桃樹最遠(yuǎn)端枝條所獲動(dòng)能均值最大,。研究結(jié)果可為核桃主干振動(dòng)式采摘機(jī)工作參數(shù)的選擇和高效振動(dòng)采摘關(guān)鍵技術(shù)提供理論基礎(chǔ),。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the dynamic characteristics of thin bark walnut tree with obvious trunk after artificial pruning under external vibration excitation load, the energy transfer law of mechanical vibration picking was revealed. A dynamic model of the vibration system of walnut tree-picker was established, and the operation mode of the symmetrical double-eccentric walnut picker gripping the trunk was adopted. The field vibration energy transfer test was carried out by installing a three-axis vibration monitoring sensor according to the prescribed path and monitoring point. Combined with the vibration displacement response data of the trunk, the results showed that when stimulated by symmetrical double eccentric vibration, the movement process of the walnut trunk oscillated and reciprocated along the Z direction of the clamping position. According to the variation rules of vibration displacement and kinetic energy amplitude of the forced vibrating branches of walnut tree obtained by the three-axis vibration monitoring sensor, the mechanical energy was converted into kinetic energy during the picking process of walnut vibration, and transferred from the excitation position of the trunk to the free end of the branch in the form of energy waves. In the transmission process, kinetic energy was obtained at each monitoring point in turn, and the longer the transmission distance was, the more the kinetic energy attenuation was. In addition, the branch wobbled and bent in the process of spatial movement, resulting in a small range of instantaneous restorable deformation in the growth direction. Due to the influence of short branch length and other factors, the up and down swing amplitude was larger than the left and right swing amplitude, which was opposite to the spatial swing amplitude of branches and lateral branches. The analysis of the mean value of forced kinetic energy of the farthest branch under excitation frequency of 13~30Hz showed that when the picker operated at 23~25Hz excitation frequency, the mean value of kinetic energy obtained by the farthest branch of the test walnut tree was the largest.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of working parameters of the vibrating picker for walnut trunk.

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靳文停,趙金輝,莊騰飛,劉立晶,趙恩龍,楊學(xué)軍.核桃機(jī)械振動(dòng)采摘枝干能量傳遞特性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(12):221-230. JIN Wenting, ZHAO Jinhui, ZHUANG Tengfei, LIU Lijing, ZHAO Enlong, YANG Xuejun. Energy Transfer Characteristics of Walnut Trunk and Branches in Mechanical Vibration Picking[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(12):221-230.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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