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氣力輔助式對種穴施肥裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD1500600)


Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Assisted Hole Fertilization Targeting Seed Position Device
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    摘要:

    針對玉米播種同步穴施肥過程中存在種-肥施用位置和施肥量不精準(zhǔn)、穴施肥裝置施肥成穴性較差等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)一種氣力輔助式對種穴施肥裝置,。依據(jù)檢測的落種信號,氣力輔助式間歇排肥裝置將從外槽輪式排肥器排出的連續(xù)肥料轉(zhuǎn)換為間歇肥團(tuán),,并施用在距種子一定位置處,。闡述該裝置結(jié)構(gòu)組成和工作原理,對其中關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸進(jìn)行理論分析,,分析氣流對擋板的作用,,驗(yàn)證該裝置的理論可行性?;赟TM32單片機(jī)開發(fā)氣力輔助式對種穴施肥控制系統(tǒng),,依據(jù)氣力輔助式對種穴施肥工作方式,構(gòu)建適用于高頻間歇施肥場景的對種穴施肥控制模型,,并設(shè)計(jì)硬件電路和控制程序,。基于EDEM離散元進(jìn)行仿真試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)前進(jìn)速度為3~7km/h、穴距為300mm時(shí),,平均施肥長度為69.8~169.1mm,,施肥長度變異系數(shù)為3.9%~11.9%,排肥量誤差為1.7%~5.5%,。通過觀察仿真過程中氣力輔助式間歇排肥裝置內(nèi)部肥料運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài),,確定擋板開啟持續(xù)時(shí)間為100ms時(shí)排肥效果最佳。臺架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,單獨(dú)穴施肥時(shí)平均施肥長度為75~187mm,施肥長度變異系數(shù)為5.3%~12.4%,,排肥量誤差為5.6%~12.8%,,穴距誤差為2.5%~6.5%。對種穴施肥結(jié)果,平均種-肥縱向間距為14~113mm,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)施肥量為5g/穴時(shí),平均施肥長度為93~189mm,,平均種-肥縱向間距為34~119mm,,種-肥同步性較好,滿足玉米播種同步穴施肥作業(yè)要求,,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真試驗(yàn)值和臺架試驗(yàn)值基本一致,,驗(yàn)證了仿真試驗(yàn)和臺架試驗(yàn)的可靠性。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the maize sowing synchronous hole fertilization process exists in the seed-fertilizer application position and the amount of fertilizer application is not accurate, poor hole formation of fertilizer by hole application devices and other difficult problems, a kind of pneumatic assisted hole fertilization targeting seed position device was designed. Based on the detected seed drop signal, the pneumatic assisted intermittent fertilizer discharge device converted the continuous fertilizer discharged from the outer chute wheel fertilizer discharger into intermittent fertilizer mass and applied it at a certain position from the seed. The structural composition and working principle of the device were described, the key structural dimensions of which were theoretically analyzed, and the role of airflow on the baffle was analyzed to verify the theoretical feasibility of the device. Based on STM32 microcontroller, a pneumatic assisted hole fertilization targeting seed position control system was developed. Based on the working mode of pneumatic assisted hole fertilization targeting seed position, a hole fertilization targeting seed position control model applicable to high frequency intermittent fertilizer application scenario was constructed, and the hardware circuit and control program were designed. In order to study the performance of hole formation and fertilizer discharge stability of pneumatic assisted intermittent fertilizer discharge device, a discrete element simulation test was conducted based on EDEM. When the forward speed was 3~7km/h, the average length of fertilizer application was 69.8~169.1mm, the coefficient of variation of fertilizer application length was 3.9%~11.9%, and the error of fertilizer discharge ranged was 1.7%~5.5%. By observing the movement state of fertilizer inside the pneumatic assisted intermittent fertilizer discharge device during the simulation process, it was determined that the fertilizer discharge effect was the best when the baffle opening duration was 100ms. Bench test was carried out, the average length of fertilizer applied in individual holes was 75~187mm, the coefficient of variation of fertilizer length was 5.3%~12.4%, the error of fertilizer discharge was 5.6%~12.8%, and the error of hole spacing was 2.5%~6.5%. When targeting seed position hole application was carried out, the average seed-fertilizer longitudinal spacing was 14~113mm. The field experiment results showed that the average fertilization length was 93~189mm and the average seed-fertilizer longitudinal spacing was 34~119mm when the fertilizer amount was 5g/hole. Seed-fertilizer synchronization was good, meeting the maize sowing synchronous hole fertilization operation requirements. The test results were basically consistent with the simulation experiment and the bench test, which verified the reliability of the simulation experiment and the bench test.

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李貴蓉,蘇欣彤,周鑫,張旭,王慶杰,王超.氣力輔助式對種穴施肥裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(12):191-200. LI Guirong, SU Xintong, ZHOU Xin, ZHANG Xu, WANG Qingjie, WANG Chao. Design and Experiment of Pneumatic Assisted Hole Fertilization Targeting Seed Position Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(12):191-200.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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