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油麥兼用氣送式排種系統(tǒng)高通量混種裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000403),、國家現(xiàn)代油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-12)和湖北省農(nóng)機裝備補短板項目(202310)


Design and Text of High-throughput Seed Mixing Device for Rapeseed and Wheat with Air-fed Seed Discharging System
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    摘要:

    針對氣送式排種系統(tǒng)在排種量增大時混種裝置內(nèi)易出現(xiàn)種子回流、堵塞等現(xiàn)象,,導致排種系統(tǒng)高速播種作業(yè)適應性較差的問題,,設計了一種突擴文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)的高通量混種裝置,通過理論分析確定了輸種管直徑,、混種區(qū)長度,、進種入口截面長度等關鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);Fluent氣流場仿真結(jié)果表明,,當風速為12,、15、18m/s時,,文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)的混種裝置喉管處負壓最小值分別為-236、-372、-538Pa,,突擴文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)的混種裝置預混區(qū)負壓最小值分別為-396,、-621、-1007Pa,,突擴文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的“文丘里效應”優(yōu)于普通文丘里結(jié)構(gòu),;DEM-CFD耦合仿真結(jié)果表明,在混種過程中突擴文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)的混種裝置存在約12%油菜種子與突擴文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)延伸部分碰撞后彈跳,,碰撞后種子保持向混種區(qū)方向運移,,油菜和小麥均未出現(xiàn)回流、堵塞等現(xiàn)象,。臺架試驗結(jié)果表明,,傳統(tǒng)文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)的混種裝置在油菜混種通量大于等于2.4g/s出現(xiàn)種子回流,小麥混種通量大于等于60g/s時出現(xiàn)種子回流且各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)顯著增大,、混種通量大于等于100g/s時發(fā)生堵塞,;突擴文丘里結(jié)構(gòu)的混種裝置在油菜混種通量小于等于4.8g/s、小麥混種通量小于等于120g/s時未出現(xiàn)種子回流,、堵塞等現(xiàn)象,,油菜、小麥各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)低于5.17%,、3.29%,,總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)低于1.19%、0.80%,,可滿足油菜,、小麥播種機速度為4~12km/h的農(nóng)藝播量要求,研究結(jié)果為氣送式排種系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化提供參考,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the air-fed seed discharging system in the seed discharging volume increases in the seed mixing device is prone to seed reflux, clogging and other phenomena, resulting in the discharge system of high-speed sowing operation of poor adaptability of the problem, the design of a sudden expansion of the Venturi structure of the high-throughput seed mixing device was done, through the theoretical analysis to determine the diameter of the seed tube, the length of the mixing zone, the length of the cross-section of the seed inlet length of the structure of the key parameters. Fluent airflow field simulation results showed that when the wind speed was 12m/s, 15m/s and 18m/s, the minimum negative pressure at the throat of the seed mixing device with Venturi structure was -236Pa, -372Pa and -538Pa, respectively, and the minimum negative pressure at the pre-mixing area of the seed mixing device with abruptly expanding Venturi structure was -396Pa, -621Pa and -1007Pa, respectively, and the “Venturi effect” produced by abruptly expanding Venturi structure was better than that of ordinary Venturi structure. The results of DEM-CFD coupled simulation showed that about 12% of rape seeds bounced after collision with the extended part of the Venturi structure, and after collision, the seeds kept moving towards the mixing area, and there was no phenomena of reflux and blockage in both rape and wheat. The results of bench test showed that the seed mixing device of traditional Venturi structure showed seed reflux at the seed mixing flux of oilseed rape greater than or equal to 2.4g/s, seed reflux at the seed mixing flux of wheat greater than or equal to 60g/s and the coefficient of variation of the consistency of the rows’ displacements were increased significantly, and clogging occurred at the seed mixing flux was greater than or equal to 100g/s;the seed mixing device of the amplified Venturi structure had seed reflux at the mixing flux of oilseed rape smaller than or equal to 4.8g/s, wheat seed mixing flux less than or equal to 120g/s did not appear seed reflux, clogging and other phenomena, oilseed rape, wheat rows discharge consistency coefficient of variation was lower than 5.17%, 3.29%, the total discharge stability coefficient of variation was lower than 1.19%, 0.80%, to meet the oilseed rape, wheat seeding machine can be in the speed of 4~12km/h agronomic sowing requirements, the results of the study for the air-fed seeding system structure optimization can provide a reference. The results can provide reference for the optimization of the structure of the air-fed seed discharge system.

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廖宜濤,王傳奇,施彬彬,王磊,廖慶喜,何凱威.油麥兼用氣送式排種系統(tǒng)高通量混種裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(12):134-146. LIAO Yitao, WANG Chuanqi, SHI Binbin, WANG Lei, LIAO Qingxi, HE Kaiwei. Design and Text of High-throughput Seed Mixing Device for Rapeseed and Wheat with Air-fed Seed Discharging System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(12):134-146.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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