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In response to the challenges encountered in the existing rice-rapeseed rotation area during the precision combined direct seeding bed preparation for rapeseed, which involves using rotary tillage drag plates to level the bed surface and a traction-type furrow opener plow to create furrows, issues such as uneven bed surface and unstable furrow patterns are prone to occur. To address these concerns, a construction process for a precision combined direct seeding bed with convex ridge surface for rapeseed was proposed. It involved rotary tillage for ridge formation and residue burial, enclosed furrow opening, active rotary compaction and shaping, and controlled furrow opening for precision seeding. To achieve this, a specialized device was designed, comprising a furrow opening plow, a rotary tillage and ridging knife assembly, a shaping mechanism, and a variable neck shaping roller. This integrated system enabled the formation and compaction of ridges and furrows, leading to convex-shaped planting beds. Furthermore, the system incorporated a circular furrow opener to create furrows while simultaneously ensuring controlled seeding depth.Following the requirements for furrow opening in rapeseed cultivation, a combination of furrow-opening plow units with distinct curved surfaces was designed. Taking into account the proposed bed construction process and soil movement patterns, the structural design of the variable neck shaping roller, the mechanical analysis, and the pressure control mechanism were performed. Orthogonal experiments were conducted through EDEM simulation, and response surface analysis was performed. The stable box surface angle α and the maximum furrow wall angle β were set as objectives. The optimal working parameters obtained were as follows: device forward speed was 3.8km/h, rotary tillage blade speed was 280r/min, and shaping roller speed was 147r/min. Field test results indicated that the device achieved stable ridge surface profiles and furrow shapes post-operation. The profiling component demonstrated effective pressure control, achieving a ridge surface inclination angle of 2.94° and a furrow wall inclination angle of 49.09°, with inclination stability coefficients exceeding 90%. The ridge surface evenness was 12.31mm, and the soil firmness stability coefficient was 91.77%. Both furrow depth and width stability coefficent exceeded 90%, with clear furrowed seed grooves and satisfactory seedling emergence.Tracking the furrow shape evolution throughout the rapeseed growth cycle revealed that during the winter and spring growth periods, the average furrow depth was decreased by 31.68%, and the average furrow width was increased by 21.65%, with no furrow wall collapse observed. The device’s quality of furrow formation, ridge surface shaping, pressure control, and planting depth control all met the requirements for rapeseed cultivation. The research result can provide valuable reference for the improvement and design enhancement of precision combined direct-seeding machines for rapeseed cultivation.