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雙芽蔗段橫向種植機(jī)溝深控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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Tillage Depth Control System for Double-bud Cane Section Transverse Planters
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    摘要:

    針對前期研制的甘蔗雙芽蔗段橫向種植機(jī)在丘陵地區(qū)開溝過程中溝深不穩(wěn)定,、不宜操作等問題,結(jié)合橫向種植機(jī)工作特點(diǎn),,設(shè)計(jì)了一種甘蔗橫向種植機(jī)溝深控制系統(tǒng),,由激光測距傳感器、壓力變送器及單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)組成,,研究了后犁溝深與油缸負(fù)載壓力的關(guān)系,,通過實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測拖拉機(jī)提升液壓油缸負(fù)載壓力、溝深變化,,并與設(shè)定的溝深閾值比較,,通過控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)對溝深的自動控制。首先,,通過理論分析,、Simulink仿真建模,對上拉桿與下拉桿的位移關(guān)系進(jìn)行了運(yùn)動仿真,。研究了開溝過程中甘蔗橫向種植機(jī)的三點(diǎn)懸掛負(fù)載方式,,建立了拖拉機(jī)液壓提升油缸位移與后犁溝深關(guān)系的理論模型。其次,,設(shè)計(jì)了基于單片機(jī)液壓控制系統(tǒng),,搭建了雙芽蔗段橫向種植機(jī)溝深控制系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)平臺。最后,,在試驗(yàn)平臺上進(jìn)行了性能驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)及多因素正交試驗(yàn),,對溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)的主要影響因素及影響溝深控制的規(guī)律進(jìn)行了探討;試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)響應(yīng)速度小于1s,,不同開溝深度溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)均大于90%,在設(shè)定的范圍內(nèi),,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與設(shè)定值基本吻合,,驗(yàn)證了溝深控制程序可靠性。通過多因素正交試驗(yàn)可知,,交互因素中液壓調(diào)速閥開度,、開溝深度均對溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)產(chǎn)生顯著影響,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)調(diào)速閥開度為0.56圈,、土壤含水率為27.4%、開溝深度為29.6cm時(shí),,溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)最高,,為95.87%。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of unstable tillage depth and unsuitable operation during the furrowing process of the sugarcane double-bud cane section transverse planter developed in the previous stage in hilly areas, combining with the working characteristics of the transverse planter, a tillage depth monitoring system for the sugarcane transverse planter was designed, which consisted of a laser range sensor, a pressure sensor and a single-chip microcomputer control system, and the relationship between the tillage depth of the rear plough and the load pressure of the cylinder was studied, so as to realize automatic control of the tillage depth by real-time monitoring of the tractor lifting hydraulic by real-time monitoring the tractor lifting hydraulic cylinder load pressure, tillage depth changes, and compared with the set tillage depth threshold, the automatic control of tillage depth was achieved through the control system. Firstly, through theoretical analysis and Simulink simulation modelling, the motion simulation analysis of the displacement relationship between the upper tie-bar and the lower tie-bar was carried out. The three-point suspension load mode of the sugarcane transverse planter in the tillageing process was studied, and the theoretical model of the relationship between the displacement of the hydraulic lifting cylinder of the tractor and the tillage depth of the rear plough was established. Secondly, a microcontroller-based hydraulic control system was designed to build a test platform for the tillage depth monitoring system of the double-bud cane section transverse planter. Finally, the performance verification test and multi-factor orthogonal test were carried out on the test platform to explore the main influencing factors of the tillage depth stability coefficient and the laws affecting the tillage depth control;the test data showed that the system’s regulation response speed was less than 1s, and the coefficients of the tillage depth stability for different tillage depths were all greater than 90%, which was in the range of the setup, and the test results basically matched with the setup values, which verified that the tillage depth control procedure was reliability. Through the multi-factor orthogonal test, it can be seen in the interactive factors of hydraulic speed valve opening, set the value of tillage depth would have a significant impact on the stability coefficient of tillage depth, according to the results of the test when the speed valve opening was 0.56, the soil moisture content of 27.4%, set the tillage depth of 29.6cm, the highest coefficient of stability of the tillage depth was 95.87%.

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李尚平,李鑫志,文春明,李凱華,李洋,葉瀅敏.雙芽蔗段橫向種植機(jī)溝深控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(12):22-32. LI Shangping, LI Xinzhi, WEN Chunming, LI Kaihua, LI Yang, YE Yingmin. Tillage Depth Control System for Double-bud Cane Section Transverse Planters[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(12):22-32.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-12-10
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