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棉田變量施肥整地聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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新疆農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)制造推廣應(yīng)用一體化項(xiàng)目(YTHSD2022-21),、新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)天山創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(2021D14010)和新疆蔬菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(XJARS-07)


Design and Experiment of Variable Rate Fertilization Combined Soil Preparation Machine
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)新疆缺少棉田施肥整地聯(lián)合機(jī)械和施肥量控制精度不高等問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種變量施肥整地聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī),可一次性完成耙地,、變量施肥,、平土、碎土和鎮(zhèn)壓等作業(yè),。對(duì)排肥裝置,、雙圓盤(pán)開(kāi)溝機(jī)構(gòu)、缺口耙片組,、碎土與鎮(zhèn)壓組件等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),,通過(guò)靜力學(xué)分析得到影響其工作性能的關(guān)鍵因素,并確定關(guān)鍵部件結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),;基于北斗自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航駕駛系統(tǒng)獲取行駛速度,,并以STM32F405為核心處理器實(shí)現(xiàn)了變量施肥控制。以各行排肥量一致性,、不同行駛速度下施肥量控制精度以及施肥深度合格率作為施肥性能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),,以耙深穩(wěn)定性、地表平整度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,、碎土率作為整地性能評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),,開(kāi)展了田間試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速為10~60r/min時(shí),,各行排肥量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于4.27%;當(dāng)車(chē)速為4,、7,、10km/h時(shí),,排肥量控制精度不小于96.70%,、95.35%和94.14%;施肥深度合格率為87.04%,;耙深穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不大于5.34%,;地表平整度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差不大于4.69mm;碎土率為96.16%,。各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到施肥機(jī)械和整地機(jī)械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,。

    Abstract:

    In view of the lack of cotton field fertilization combined soil preparation machinery and the low control precision of fertilizer application in Xinjiang, a variable fertilization combined soil preparation machine was designed, which could complete the operations of harrowing, variable fertilization, soil leveling, soil crushing and suppression at one time. The key components such as fertilizer discharge device, double disc trenching mechanism, notch rake group, soil crushing and pressing components were designed. The key factors affecting its working performance were obtained through static analysis, and the structural parameters of key components were determined. Based on the Beidou automatic navigation driving system, the driving speed was obtained, and the variable fertilization control was realized with STM32F405 as the core processor. The field experiment was carried out with the consistency of fertilizer amount in each row, the control accuracy of fertilizer amount at different driving speeds and the qualified rate of fertilization depth as the evaluation indexes of fertilization performance, and the stability of rake depth, standard deviation of surface flatness and rate of broken soil as the evaluation indexes of soil preparation performance. The test results showed that when the rotation speed of the fertilizer shaft was 10~60r/min, the maximum coefficient of variation of the consistency of each row of fertilizer was 4.27%. When the driving speed was 4km/h, 7km/h and 10km/h, the minimum control precision of fertilizer discharge was 96.70%, 95.35% and 94.14%, respectively. The qualified rate of fertilization depth was 87.04%. The maximum coefficient of variation of rake depth stability was 5.34%. The maximum standard deviation of surface roughness was 4.69mm. The broken soil rate was 96.16%. All indexes met the requirements of fertilization machinery and soil preparation machinery standards.

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韓長(zhǎng)杰,劉釗,毛罕平,馬旭,王速.棉田變量施肥整地聯(lián)合作業(yè)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(11):250-261,,284. HAN Changjie, LIU Zhao, MAO Hanping, MA Xu, WANG Su. Design and Experiment of Variable Rate Fertilization Combined Soil Preparation Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(11):250-261,284.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-15
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2024-11-10
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