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輕量級(jí)多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為識(shí)別模型研究
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廣州市農(nóng)村科技特派員項(xiàng)目(20212100026)和特定高校學(xué)科建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(2023B10564002)


Research of Lightweight Multi-scene Group Pig Behavior Recognition Model
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有豬只行為識(shí)別模型體積大、識(shí)別場(chǎng)景單一,、部署應(yīng)用硬件要求高等問題,,本文提出輕量級(jí)多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為識(shí)別模型YOLO v5n-PBR(YOLO v5n for pig behavior recognition)。首先通過拍攝和收集不同養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)景,、不同豬只數(shù)量及不同角度的群養(yǎng)豬只行為數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為數(shù)據(jù)集,,并根據(jù)該數(shù)據(jù)集中豬只行為目標(biāo)的特點(diǎn)引入遷移學(xué)習(xí)方法和OTA(Optimal transport assignment)標(biāo)簽分配方法對(duì)YOLO v5n模型進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練,加快模型收斂速度并提升模型精度,,構(gòu)建高精度多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為識(shí)別模型;然后利用L1-norm剪枝算法篩選并刪減模型中不重要的通道,,去除冗余參數(shù);最后通過微調(diào)訓(xùn)練和中間特征知識(shí)蒸餾去除剪枝帶來的性能劣化,從而得到輕量級(jí)多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為識(shí)別模型YOLO v5n-PBR并進(jìn)行嵌入式設(shè)備部署,。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,YOLO v5n-PBR模型平均精度均值 (mean average precision,mAP)為96.9%,,參數(shù)量,、計(jì)算量和內(nèi)存占用量分別為4.700×105、1.20×109和1.2 MB,,在兩種不同系統(tǒng)和不同硬件配置的嵌入式設(shè)備上的部署實(shí)時(shí)識(shí)別幀率分別為12.2幀/s和66.3幀/s,,與原始模型YOLO v5n相比,mAP提高1.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn),,參數(shù)量、計(jì)算量和內(nèi)存占用量分別減少73.3%,、70.7%和68.4%,,部署實(shí)時(shí)識(shí)別幀率分別提高74.3%和83.1%。此外,,基于多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為數(shù)據(jù)集訓(xùn)練得到的YOLO v5n-PBR模型在4個(gè)單場(chǎng)景或雙場(chǎng)景的群養(yǎng)豬只行為數(shù)據(jù)集上的mAP均能達(dá)到98.1%,,對(duì)2種不同養(yǎng)殖場(chǎng)景的6段豬只行為視頻的嵌入式設(shè)備部署識(shí)別統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果與人工統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果相近,平均精確率和平均召回率均為95.3%,,以較少的參數(shù)達(dá)到較強(qiáng)的泛化性,。本文提出的YOLO v5n-PBR模型具有精度高、體積小,、速度快,、泛化性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),,可滿足嵌入式設(shè)備部署要求,為豬只行為的實(shí)時(shí),、準(zhǔn)確監(jiān)測(cè)及豬只行為識(shí)別模型的部署應(yīng)用提供技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of large size, single recognition scene and high hardware requirements for deploying application of existing pig behavior recognition models, a lightweight multi-scene group pig behavior recognition model YOLO v5n for pig behavior recognition (YOLO v5n-PBR) was proposed. Firstly, a multi-scene group pig behavior dataset was constructed by shooting and collecting group pig behavior data from different breeding scenes, different pig numbers and different angles, and based on the characteristics of pig behavior objectives in the dataset, the transfer learning method and the optimal transport assignment label assignment method were introduced to train the YOLO v5n model, which accelerated the model convergence speed and improved the model accuracy, and a high-precision multi-scene group pig behavior recognition model was constructed. Then the L1-norm pruning algorithm was used to screen and delete the unimportant channels in the model to remove the redundant parameters. Finally, the performance degradation caused by pruning was removed by fine-tuning training and intermediate feature knowledge distillation, so that the lightweight multi-scene group pig behavior recognition model YOLO v5n-PBR was obtained and deployed as embedded devices. Experimental results showed that the mean average precision (mAP) of the YOLO v5n-PBR model was 96.9%, with parameters, amount of computation, and memory footprint being 4.700×105, 1.20×109, and 1.2 MB, respectively. The deploy real-time recognition frame rates on embedded devices with different systems and hardware configurations were 12.2 frames/s and 66.3 frames/s. Compared with that of the original YOLO v5n model, the mAP was improved by 1.1 percentage points, and parameters, amount of computation, and memory footprint were decreased by 73.3%, 70.7%, and 68.4%, respectively. The deploy real-time recognition frame rates were increased by 74.3% and 83.1%. In addition, the YOLO v5n-PBR model trained based on the multi-scene group pig behavior dataset can reach 98.1% of mAP on four single-scene or dual-scene group pig behavior datasets, and the statistical results of embedded device deployment recognition of six pig behavior videos in two different breeding scenes were similar to those of manual statistics, with an average accuracy and average recall rate of 95.3%, which achieved strong generalization with fewer parameters. The YOLO v5n-PBR model proposed had the advantages of high accuracy, small size, fast speed, and strong generalization, which can meet the deployment requirements of embedded devices and provide a technical basis for real-time and accurate monitoring of pig behavior and the deploying application of pig behavior recognition model.

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漆海霞,馮發(fā)生,尹選春,楊澤康,周子森,梁廣升.輕量級(jí)多場(chǎng)景群養(yǎng)豬只行為識(shí)別模型研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(10):306-317. QI Haixia, FENG Fasheng, YIN Xuanchun, YANG Zekang, ZHOU Zisen, LIANG Guangsheng. Research of Lightweight Multi-scene Group Pig Behavior Recognition Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(10):306-317.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-10-10
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