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丘陵果園立式螺旋開溝施肥機設(shè)計與試驗
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井岡山農(nóng)高區(qū)省級科技專項“揭榜掛帥”項目(20222-051256)和江西省農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)項目(JXNK20230804-03)


Design and Experiment of Hilly Orchard Vertical Spiral Ditching-fertilizing Machine
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    摘要:

    針對丘陵果園大型開溝施肥機無法進入,小型開溝施肥機因低功率限制無法達到所需開溝深度且功能單一的問題,,設(shè)計了一種適宜丘陵地區(qū)25°坡度地形集開溝,、施肥,、覆土三大功能為一體的小型立式螺旋開溝施肥機,。通過理論分析對開溝裝置,、施肥裝置和覆土裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進行了設(shè)計。根據(jù)丘陵果園土壤板結(jié)的特點選擇Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding接觸模型建立了開溝仿真模型,,并以降低開溝旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗,、前進功耗、比功為目標(biāo),,設(shè)計Box-Behnken試驗對螺旋開溝刀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化,。刀具優(yōu)化仿真試驗結(jié)果為:螺旋開溝刀的螺旋角、齒數(shù),、刃角,、齒長分別取17.6°、10,、30°,、19.76 mm,此時,,開溝旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗,、前進功耗、比功分別為6.74 kW,、0.132 kW,、0.165 kW·h/kg。將優(yōu)化后的螺旋開溝刀試制并開展仿真驗證試驗,,結(jié)果表明,,試驗與仿真測得開溝旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗相對誤差為5.6%,說明刀具優(yōu)化結(jié)果正確,。整機的田間試驗結(jié)果表明,,施肥機開溝深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)、溝底寬度一致性系數(shù),、施肥均勻性系數(shù),、覆土率分別為96.91%、98.16%,、97.08%,、77.38%,各項指標(biāo)均滿足農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    In order to address the challenges posed by limited access of large ditching-fertilizing machine in mountain orchards and insufficient power of small ditching-fertilizing machine to meet the required ditching depth, as well as the limited functionality of most small ditching-fertilizing machine, a compact vertical spiral ditching-fertilizing machine was developed for efficient integration of ditching, fertilization, and soil covering functions in hilly orchards with 25° slope. Through theoretical analysis, the key components such as ditching device, fertilizing device and soil covering device were designed. The Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding contact model was selected to establish the ditching simulation model, taking into account the soil compaction characteristics in hilly orchards. Using the ditching rotation power consumption, forward power consumption and specific power consumption as indexes, the Box-Behnken simulation test was conducted to optimize the structure parameters of spiral ditching opener. The optimization results were as follows: the optimal spiral angle, number of teeth, edge angle and tooth length of the opener were 17.6°, 10, 30° and 19.76 mm, respectively, and the rotational power consumption, forward power consumption and specific power of the opener with optimal parameters were 6.74 kW, 0.132 kW and 0.165 kW·h/kg, respectively. The opener with optimal parameters was fabricated and the experiment was conducted to validate the simulation. The results showed that the relative error of the ditching rotation power between experiment and simulation was 5.6%, indicating that the opener optimization results were correct. Field test results of the machine showed that the stability coefficient of ditching depth, consistency coefficient of ditching bottom width, uniformity coefficient of fertilization and soil coving rate were 96.91%,,98.16%,97.08% and 77.38%, respectively, and all indexes of the ditching-fertilizing machine met the agronomic requirements.

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陳平錄,蘇江紅,許靜,劉木華.丘陵果園立式螺旋開溝施肥機設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(10):223-233,,274. CHEN Pinglu, SU Jianghong, XU Jing, LIU Muhua. Design and Experiment of Hilly Orchard Vertical Spiral Ditching-fertilizing Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(10):223-233,,274.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-10-10
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