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丘陵果園立式螺旋開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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井岡山農(nóng)高區(qū)省級(jí)科技專項(xiàng)“揭榜掛帥”項(xiàng)目(20222-051256)和江西省農(nóng)業(yè)關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(JXNK20230804-03)


Design and Experiment of Hilly Orchard Vertical Spiral Ditching-fertilizing Machine
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)丘陵果園大型開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)無(wú)法進(jìn)入,,小型開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)因低功率限制無(wú)法達(dá)到所需開(kāi)溝深度且功能單一的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種適宜丘陵地區(qū)25°坡度地形集開(kāi)溝,、施肥,、覆土三大功能為一體的小型立式螺旋開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)。通過(guò)理論分析對(duì)開(kāi)溝裝置,、施肥裝置和覆土裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),。根據(jù)丘陵果園土壤板結(jié)的特點(diǎn)選擇Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding接觸模型建立了開(kāi)溝仿真模型,并以降低開(kāi)溝旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗,、前進(jìn)功耗,、比功為目標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)Box-Behnken試驗(yàn)對(duì)螺旋開(kāi)溝刀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,。刀具優(yōu)化仿真試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為:螺旋開(kāi)溝刀的螺旋角、齒數(shù),、刃角,、齒長(zhǎng)分別取17.6°、10,、30°,、19.76 mm,此時(shí),,開(kāi)溝旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗,、前進(jìn)功耗、比功分別為6.74 kW,、0.132 kW,、0.165 kW·h/kg。將優(yōu)化后的螺旋開(kāi)溝刀試制并開(kāi)展仿真驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明,,試驗(yàn)與仿真測(cè)得開(kāi)溝旋轉(zhuǎn)功耗相對(duì)誤差為5.6%,說(shuō)明刀具優(yōu)化結(jié)果正確,。整機(jī)的田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,施肥機(jī)開(kāi)溝深度穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)、溝底寬度一致性系數(shù)、施肥均勻性系數(shù),、覆土率分別為96.91%,、98.16%、97.08%,、77.38%,,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均滿足農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to address the challenges posed by limited access of large ditching-fertilizing machine in mountain orchards and insufficient power of small ditching-fertilizing machine to meet the required ditching depth, as well as the limited functionality of most small ditching-fertilizing machine, a compact vertical spiral ditching-fertilizing machine was developed for efficient integration of ditching, fertilization, and soil covering functions in hilly orchards with 25° slope. Through theoretical analysis, the key components such as ditching device, fertilizing device and soil covering device were designed. The Hertz-Mindlin with Bonding contact model was selected to establish the ditching simulation model, taking into account the soil compaction characteristics in hilly orchards. Using the ditching rotation power consumption, forward power consumption and specific power consumption as indexes, the Box-Behnken simulation test was conducted to optimize the structure parameters of spiral ditching opener. The optimization results were as follows: the optimal spiral angle, number of teeth, edge angle and tooth length of the opener were 17.6°, 10, 30° and 19.76 mm, respectively, and the rotational power consumption, forward power consumption and specific power of the opener with optimal parameters were 6.74 kW, 0.132 kW and 0.165 kW·h/kg, respectively. The opener with optimal parameters was fabricated and the experiment was conducted to validate the simulation. The results showed that the relative error of the ditching rotation power between experiment and simulation was 5.6%, indicating that the opener optimization results were correct. Field test results of the machine showed that the stability coefficient of ditching depth, consistency coefficient of ditching bottom width, uniformity coefficient of fertilization and soil coving rate were 96.91%,,98.16%,,97.08% and 77.38%, respectively, and all indexes of the ditching-fertilizing machine met the agronomic requirements.

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陳平錄,蘇江紅,許靜,劉木華.丘陵果園立式螺旋開(kāi)溝施肥機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(10):223-233,274. CHEN Pinglu, SU Jianghong, XU Jing, LIU Muhua. Design and Experiment of Hilly Orchard Vertical Spiral Ditching-fertilizing Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(10):223-233,,274.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-10-10
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