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平行犁組翻扣與旋耕組合式油菜種床制備裝置研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD2000405)、財政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項目(CARS-12)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(32001427)


Design and Test of Rapeseed Seed Bed Preparation Device Combined with Parallel Plow Group Turnbuckle and Rotary Tillage
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    摘要:

    針對長江中下游稻-油輪作區(qū)土壤黏重板結(jié),、秸稈量大,,油菜直播機采用普通旋耕時易導(dǎo)致種床耕層淺、秸稈埋覆率低,,現(xiàn)有犁旋一體機作業(yè)時縱向尺寸大的問題,,結(jié)合油菜直播農(nóng)藝要求和合理耕層構(gòu)建需求,設(shè)計了一種平行扣垡犁組,,提出了一種“圓盤犁刀切茬-壓茬,,平行犁組翻扣埋茬,旋耕刀輥碎土-勻土”的組合式耕整作業(yè)方案,。采用直紋面法對扣垡犁的犁體曲面進行設(shè)計,,構(gòu)建了犁體曲面解析參數(shù)方程,建立了基于離散元方法的耕作部件-土壤-秸稈互作仿真模型,,應(yīng)用EDEM軟件開展了二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)試驗,,分析了扣垡犁扣垡性能。仿真結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)偏轉(zhuǎn)角θ取12°,、元線角差值Δθ取11°時,,犁體扣垡效果最優(yōu)。田間試驗結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)耕深為230 mm,、作業(yè)速度為5.15 km/h時,,扣垡犁平均扣垡率為91.3%,有較好埋茬效果;平行扣垡犁組在高茬秸稈工況下有較好的通過性,,秸稈平均埋覆率達到82.5%,,平均耕深達到218.6 mm,耕深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)達到90.2%,。田間對比試驗結(jié)果表明:在水稻收獲后平均留茬高度為513 mm的工況下,,平行犁組翻扣與旋耕組合式油菜種床制備裝置平均耕深達229.7 mm,秸稈埋覆率為87.5%,,碎土率為89.7%,,廂面平整度為31.8 mm,相比于普通旋耕機作業(yè)效果,,平均耕深增大90.9 mm,,秸稈埋覆率和碎土率分別提高7.2個百分點和6.5個百分點,作業(yè)質(zhì)量滿足油菜播種要求,符合油菜“深翻埋茬,,上松下緊”的種床合理耕層構(gòu)建要求,。

    Abstract:

    Considering the problems of soil in mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River is sticky and the amount of straw is large, the utilization of conventional rotary tillage rapeseed direct-seeding machines often leads to the plough layer is shallow and the straw coverage rate is low, the longitudinal size of the existing combination of plowing and rotary tillage rapeseed seeder is generally larger, the rapeseed direct-seeding agronomic requirement and the requirement were combined to build reliable plough layer, a parallel mounted buckling plough group was designed, a combined tillage operation scheme of “disc plow blade cutting and pressing stubble, parallel plow group turning over soil and burying stubble, the rotary tiller knife roll breaks up the clod and equalizes the soil” was proposed. The plough surface of the buckling plough was designed by using the method of straight ruled surface, the parametric analytical equation of plough surface was established, a simulation model for the interaction between tillage tool, soil, and straw was established based on the discrete element method, and the quadratic orthogonal rotation test was carried out to analyze the buckling performance of the buckling plough by using EDEM software. The simulation results showed that when the deflection angle θ was 12° and the change value Δθ was 11°, the buckling effect of the plough body was the best. Field experiments showed that the average soil buckling rate was 91.3% when the tilling depth was 230 mm and the forward velocity was 5.15 km/h, and the buckling plough had a good stubble burying effect. The parallel buckling plough group had good through performance under high crop straw conditions, with an average straw coverage rate of over 82.5%, an average tillage depth of over 218.6 mm, and a stability coefficient of over 90.2% for tillage depth. Field comparison experiment showed that under the condition of average stubble height of 513 mm after rice harvest, the average depth of rapeseed seed bed preparation device combined with parallel plow group turnbuckle and rotary tillage was 229.7 mm, the straw coverage rate was 87.5%, the soil breaking rate was 89.7%, and the planter bed surface flatness was 31.8 mm, compared with the operation effect of conventional rotary tillage, the average ploughing depth was increased by 90.9 mm, the straw coverage rate and soil breaking rate were increased by 7.2 percentage points and 6.5 percentage points, respectively, and the operation quality met the requirements of rapeseed direct-seeding, and met the requirements of reasonable cultivation layer construction of rapeseed seed bed of “deep turning and stubble burying, upper looseness and lower tightness”.

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廖慶喜,張季欽,張青松,杜文斌,林建新,王立宗.平行犁組翻扣與旋耕組合式油菜種床制備裝置研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(10):190-201. LIAO Qingxi, ZHANG Jiqin, ZHANG Qingsong, DU Wenbin, LIN Jianxin, WANG Lizong. Design and Test of Rapeseed Seed Bed Preparation Device Combined with Parallel Plow Group Turnbuckle and Rotary Tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(10):190-201.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-10-10
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