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氣力式油菜精量排種器管路負(fù)壓監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2022YFD2301402)和安徽省重點研究與開發(fā)計劃項目(202204c06020071)


Pipeline Negative Pressure Monitoring System of Pneumatic Precision Seed Dispenser for Rape
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    摘要:

    針對油菜氣力式精量排種器種子精準(zhǔn)吸附過程中因配氣管路負(fù)壓實時監(jiān)測困難且易導(dǎo)致排種性能下降問題,設(shè)計了一種基于虛擬儀器技術(shù)的油菜多行精量排種管路負(fù)壓同步監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),。以壓力傳感器為測量元件實時采集干,、支管路負(fù)壓,NI-9205型數(shù)采卡為數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊,,電動閥門對干路負(fù)壓進(jìn)行控制,,在LabVIEW軟件中進(jìn)行壓力轉(zhuǎn)換和數(shù)據(jù)實時顯示、分析,、保存以及故障報警等,。對管路負(fù)壓監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)精度進(jìn)行了標(biāo)定,結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)種盤轉(zhuǎn)速為20~60 r/min,、閥門開度為18.3%~33.5%(干路靜態(tài)負(fù)壓1 000~3 000 Pa)時,,監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測值與風(fēng)壓計實測值相對偏差均不大于3.63%,負(fù)壓穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)不大于2.97%,。臺架試驗結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)種盤轉(zhuǎn)速為20~60 r/min、閥門開度為18.3%~33.5%(1 000~3 000 Pa)時,,具有錐柱錐列式配氣機(jī)構(gòu)短程配氣系統(tǒng)負(fù)壓損失率不大于18.99%,,支路負(fù)壓均勻性變異系數(shù)不大于2.3%,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于4.27%,。田間試驗結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)播種作業(yè)種盤轉(zhuǎn)速分別為23.1、34.2,、44.5 r/min時,,負(fù)壓損失率均不大于18.75%,支路負(fù)壓均勻性變異系數(shù)不大于2.95%,,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)不大于4.52%,。該研究為解析氣力式油菜精量排種器種子精準(zhǔn)吸附及穩(wěn)定運(yùn)移機(jī)制與優(yōu)化改進(jìn)配氣管路布局提供技術(shù)支撐。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to monitor the negative pressure in the air distribution pipeline in real time and it is easy to lead to the decline of seeding performance in the process of precise seed adsorption of rapeseed rape pneumatic precision seed metering device, a synchronised monitoring system for the negative pressure in rapeseed rape multiline precision seeding pipeline based on virtual instrumentation technology was designed. Pressure sensor as a measuring element for real-time collection of negative pressure of main and branch pipelines, NI-9205 digital acquisition card as a data acquisition module, the electric valve was used to control the negative pressure of main pipeline, and the LabVIEW software was used for the conversion, real-time display, analysis, preservation, fault alarms of the pressure value and so on. The accuracy of the pipeline negative pressure monitoring system was calibrated, and the results showed that under the condition that the rotational speed of the seeding plate was 20~60 r/min, and the valve opening was 18.3%~33.5% (the static negative pressure of the main pipeline was 1000~3000 Pa), the monitoring value of the monitoring system and the measured value of the wind manometer were not more than 3.63%, and the coefficient of variation of the stability of the negative pressure was not more than 2.97%. Bench test showed that under the conditions of 20~60 r/min rotational speed of the seeding plate and 18.3%~33.5% valve opening (1 000~3 000 Pa), the negative pressure loss rate of the short-distance air distribution system with the cone-column and cone-column air distribution mechanism was not more than 18.99%, the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of the negative pressure of the branch was not more than 2.3%, and the relative deviation of the coefficient of variation of each row did not exceed 4.27%. The field test showed that when the rotational speed of the seeding plate of the seeding operation was 23.1 r/min, 34.2 r/min, and 44.5 r/min, respectively, the negative pressure loss rate was not more than 18.75%, the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of negative pressure in the branches was not more than 2.95%, and the relative deviation of the coefficient of variation of each row did not exceed 4.52%. The research can provide technical support for analyzing the mechanism of precise seed adsorption and stable transport in pneumatic rapeseed precision seed metering devices, as well as for optimizing and improving the layout of the air distribution pipeline.

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李兆東,謝瑞,王天琪,張?zhí)?劉立超,陳永新.氣力式油菜精量排種器管路負(fù)壓監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2024,55(10):180-189. LI Zhaodong, XIE Rui, WANG Tianqi, ZHANG Tian, LIU Lichao, CHEN Yongxin. Pipeline Negative Pressure Monitoring System of Pneumatic Precision Seed Dispenser for Rape[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(10):180-189.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-10-10
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