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雙盤交錯氣壓式玉米品字形密植高速精量排種器研究
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黑龍江省重點研發(fā)計劃重大項目(2022ZX05B02)和北大荒農(nóng)墾集團(tuán)有限公司2023年農(nóng)機(jī)研發(fā)制造推廣應(yīng)用一體化試點項目


Design and Experiment of Twin Discs Intertwined Air-pressure High-speed Precision Seed-metering Device for Maize Delta-row Dense Plantings
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    摘要:

    針對目前玉米寬窄行品字形密植模式下精量排種器高速(10~16 km/h)作業(yè)時排種均勻性差且對品字形播種效果缺乏針對性評價指標(biāo)的問題,設(shè)計了一種雙腔雙盤交錯同步回轉(zhuǎn)的氣壓式高速精量排種器,,并提出了品字合格指數(shù)對排種效果進(jìn)行評價,。闡述了排種器基本結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理,運用理論分析與數(shù)值模擬的方法確定了排種盤的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,建立了種子充種過程的力學(xué)模型,,確定充種高度、作業(yè)速度,、氣腔正壓是影響排種器性能的主要因素;以充種高度,、作業(yè)速度、氣腔正壓作為試驗因素,,以品字合格指數(shù),、雙行株距變異系數(shù)作為試驗指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了三因素五水平中心組合試驗,得到了排種器最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合并對其進(jìn)行了試驗驗證,,選用“和育187”,、“迪卡C2235”、“奧洋紅A9”,、“法爾利1439”4種類型的玉米種子進(jìn)行了排種器適播試驗,。結(jié)果表明:排種器最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合為:充種高度40.598 mm、氣腔正壓3.763 kPa,、作業(yè)速度11.358 km/h,,驗證試驗表明該參數(shù)組合品字合格指數(shù)為94%、雙行株距變異系數(shù)為6.11%,,與優(yōu)化結(jié)果相符,,可滿足玉米寬窄行品字形密植模式的高速精量播種要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the uniformity of current corn wide and delta-row narrow planting mode under high speed (10~16 km/h) operation of precision seed-metering device and the delta-row sowing effect of lack of targeted evaluation indexes of the problem, a double-cavity double-disc staggered synchronous rotary pneumatic high-speed precision planter was designed and the zigzag qualification index of the “delta-row” evaluation of the effect was put forward. The effect of “delta-row” was evaluated. The basic structure and working principle of the seed discharger were described, the key structural parameters of the seed discharging disc were determined by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the mechanical model of the seed charging process was established, and it was determined that the charging height, operating speed, and the positive pressure value of the air cavity were the main factors affecting the performance of the seed discharger. The three-factor, five-level Central Composite test was conducted with seed filling height, operating speed, air cavity pressure value as the influencing factors, and the “delta-row” qualification index and the maize seeds, namely “WAYO 187”, “DECA C2235”,,“AOYO RED A9” and “FARLEY 1439”, were used to conduct the sowing test of the optimal parameter combinations of seeders. The results showed that the optimal parameter combination of the seed dispenser was 40.598 mm of seed filling height, 3.763 kPa of positive air cavity pressure and 11.358 km/h of operation speed, and the delta-row qualification index W of the parameter combination was 94% and the coefficient of variation of the two-row spacing W1 was 6.11%, which was in line with the optimization results, and it can satisfy the requirements of high-speed precision sowing of maize in the delta-row dense-planting mode.

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孫文勝,衣淑娟,齊海龍,王淞,李衣菲,戴智博.雙盤交錯氣壓式玉米品字形密植高速精量排種器研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2024,55(10):168-179. SUN Wensheng, YI Shujuan, QI Hailong, WANG Song, LI Yifei, DAI Zhibo. Design and Experiment of Twin Discs Intertwined Air-pressure High-speed Precision Seed-metering Device for Maize Delta-row Dense Plantings[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(10):168-179.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-10-10
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