Abstract:To address the problems of low potato yield and low soil quality in the central arid zone of Ningxia, the interrelationship between potato yield and farmland environmental factors was investigated and evaluated. Aiming to explore and evaluate the soil quality condition of potato farmland in the central arid zone of Ningxia, and the interrelationship between potato yield and farmland environmental factors, with a view to improving potato yield and farmland soil quality, taking potato farmland as the research object, the two-year experiment was conducted in a three-factor completely randomised design, with irrigation treatments set at irrigation quota (2 250 m3/hm2, W3), 20% water saving (1 800 m3/hm2, W2), and 40% water saving (1 350 m3/hm2, W1);and nitrogen application treatments set at nitrogen application (195 kg/hm2, N3), and 20% nitrogen reduction (156 kg/hm2, N2), 40% nitrogen reduction (117 kg/hm2, N1), with no local N fertiliser and no irrigation as CK treatment, soil nutrients, enzyme activities, microbial carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and yield were measured and included in the soil quality index (SQI), which was fitted to potato yield. The results showed that water and nitrogen regulation had significant effects on soil quick potassium, effective phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and organic matter, and catalase activity (SP), sucrase activity (SS), soil urease activity (SU), and soil alkaline phosphatase activity (SAP) in the 0~20 cm soil layer were the largest under different water and nitrogen regulation in the W2N2 treatment, which was increased compared with that of the CK treatment by 23.66%, 86.28%, 58.66%, 56.92%. And it showed a trend of gradual decrease with the increase of soil depth. Potato yield, soil microbiota carbon nitrogen phosphorus and stoichiometry were maximum in W2N2 (1 800 m3/hm2, 156 kg/hm2) treatment. The highest soil quality grade of W2N2 treatment was obtained by SQI, and it was found that W2N2 treatment could synergistically improve the comprehensive soil quality and potato yield by fitting, and the results of this study can provide theoretical references for the sustainable production of potato and the improvement of soil quality in arid regions of northern China.