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溫室穴盤育苗劣質(zhì)缽苗螺旋式剔除機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2022YFD2000600),、浙江省“三農(nóng)九方”科技協(xié)作計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2024SNJF069)和浙江理工大學(xué)科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(24242118-Y)


Design and Test of Spiral Rejection Mechanism for Inferior Bowl Seedlings
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    摘要:

    在溫室穴盤育苗過程中,有5%~20%的穴孔存在漏播,、發(fā)育不良等現(xiàn)象,,為提高穴盤利用率,保證成品苗質(zhì)量,,需要將這些劣苗基質(zhì)塊干凈剔除并及時(shí)補(bǔ)充健康缽苗,。常見的剔除末端主要有指鏟式、氣吸式,,但存在指鏟式剔苗方式易造成缽體松散破碎難以抓取,、氣吸式剔苗在高含水率下剔凈率低等問題,為此本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種螺旋式劣苗剔除裝置,。該裝置使用輸送帶移動穴盤,,升降模組帶動橫移模塊進(jìn)行升降,橫移模塊上安裝兩個(gè)剔苗末端執(zhí)行器,,剔苗末端執(zhí)行器使用螺旋葉片對基質(zhì)進(jìn)行破碎,,通過螺旋輸送和負(fù)壓吸附的方式將穴孔中的基質(zhì)破碎并輸送到頂部蓄土槽中,升降時(shí)自動轉(zhuǎn)移到排土槽中,。以200孔帶基質(zhì)穴盤為研究對象,,對螺旋葉片的升土方式進(jìn)行理論分析,確定相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),并對螺旋式劣苗剔除裝置進(jìn)行路徑規(guī)劃,。搭建螺旋式劣苗剔除裝置,,開展螺旋式基質(zhì)剔除四因素三水平正交試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,,試驗(yàn)因素的影響由大到小為凹口切角,、螺距、轉(zhuǎn)速,、升降速度,,確定最優(yōu)參數(shù)為:螺距16 mm、凹口切角10°,、轉(zhuǎn)速2 500 r/min,、升降速度10 mm/s。在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下進(jìn)行性能驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明,,剔苗機(jī)構(gòu)作業(yè)效率平均為832孔/h(約42盤/h),基質(zhì)平均剔凈率在83%以上,,滿足剔補(bǔ)苗作業(yè)需求,。

    Abstract:

    In the process of seedling raising in the greenhouse hole tray, about 5% to 20% of the holes had the phenomenon of missed seeding, stunted development, etc. In order to improve the utilization rate of the hole tray and ensure the quality of the finished seedlings, it was necessary to remove the inferior seedling substrate block neatly and replenish the healthy bowl seedlings in time. There were two common rejection ends: finger shovel type and air suction type. There were problems such as the finger shovel type seedling removal method and the air suction seedling removal method. The finger shovel type seedling was easy to cause the bowl body to be loose, fragile and difficult to grasp and the air suction seedling removal method had a low rejection rate under high moisture content. The conveyor belt was used to move the hole plate, and the lifting module drove the traversing module to lift, and two seedling removal end effector were installed on the traversing module, and the culling end-effector used spiral blades to break up the substrate. The matrix in the hole was broken and transported to the top soil storage tank by means of spiral conveying and negative pressure adsorption, and automatically transferred it to the soil discharge tank when it was lifted. Taking the 200-hole strip matrix cavity disc as the research object, the soil lifting mode of the spiral blade was theoretically analyzed and the relevant design parameters were determined, and the path planning of the spiral inferior seedling rejection device was carried out. The test platform of the spiral inferior seedling rejection device was built and the four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental research on the removal of spiral substrate was carried out. The influence of experimental factors, from large to small, included notch cutting angle, pitch, rotation speed and lifting speed. The optimal parameters were determined to be 16 mm pitch, 10° notch cutting angle, 2 500 r/min rotation speed and 10 mm/s lifting speed. The performance verification test was carried out under the optimal combination of parameters, and the results showed that the average operating efficiency of the whole machine was 832 holes/h (42 trays/h). The average rejection rate of the substrate was over 83%, which met the needs of the seedling rejection operation.

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童俊華,商凱源,王小琴,孫良,張寧,NORUPIRI R O,馬尚全.溫室穴盤育苗劣質(zhì)缽苗螺旋式剔除機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(9):129-137. TONG Junhua, SHANG Kaiyuan, WANG Xiaoqin, SUN Liang, ZHANG Ning, NORUPIRI R O, MA Shangquan. Design and Test of Spiral Rejection Mechanism for Inferior Bowl Seedlings[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(9):129-137.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-09-10
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