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丘陵山區(qū)輕筒型油菜種-肥同播同施集排裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2021YFD1600503),、國家自然科學基金項目(32001427),、湖北省自然科學基金項目(2023AFB557)、農業(yè)農村部東南丘陵山地農業(yè)裝備重點實驗室(部省共建)開放項目(QSKF2023001)和財政部和農業(yè)農村部:國家現代農業(yè)產業(yè)技術體系項目(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Lightweight and Simple Centralized Seeding-Fertilizing Device for Rapeseed in Hilly and Mountainous Areas
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    摘要:

    針對丘陵山區(qū)等小田塊油菜種植區(qū)域缺乏輕簡集成的油菜播種機排種與排肥裝置問題,,設計了一種油菜種-肥同播同施集排裝置,。闡明了集排裝置工作過程,確定了排種滾筒與排肥滾筒主要結構參數,,分析了肥層控制板位置對排種量與排肥量匹配性的影響,。應用EDEM仿真開展了油菜種-肥同播同施集排裝置排種與排肥性能試驗,建立了肥層控制板位置與排肥量的關系模型,,試驗結果表明:集成式種肥滾筒轉速為20~50 r/min時,,集成式種肥滾筒轉速與排種速率、排肥速率均為線性關系,,肥層控制板與豎直方向間夾角在22°~38°內增大時,,排肥速率在1 709.63~2 484.31 g/min內逐漸增加;應用DEM-CFD耦合仿真分析了輔助輸送氣流對導種管內種子速度和受力的影響,,結果表明:導種管與豎直面間傾斜角為10°~70°時,,采用輔助輸送氣流可實現種子加速經導種管排出,避免種子滯留,。臺架驗證試驗結果表明:集成式種肥滾筒轉速為20~50 r/min時,,總排種量穩(wěn)定性變異系數不高于0.92%、各行排種量一致性變異系數不高于3.64%,、種子破損率不高于0.04%,、總排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數不高于1.21%、各行排肥量一致性變異系數不高于4.41%,,可實現油菜排量一定時,,通過調節(jié)肥層控制板與豎直方向間夾角,,滿足不同排肥量需求。田間試驗結果表明:油菜各行株數一致性變異系數為9.25%,、總株數穩(wěn)定性變異系數為7.16%,,滿足油菜精量播種要求。

    Abstract:

    In response to the practical problem of the lack of light and simple integrated planter’ seeding device and fertilizing device for rapeseed in small fields such as hilly and mountainous areas, a centralized seeding-fertilizing device for rapeseed was developed. The working process of the centralized seeding-fertilizing device for rapeseed was clarified. The main structural parameters of the seeding cylinder and fertilizing cylinder were determined. The influence of the fertilizer layer control board position on the matching of seeding and fertilizing quantity was analyzed. An experiment was conducted using EDEM simulation to investigate the seeding and fertilizing performance of the centralized seeding-fertilizing device for rapeseed. A model was established to determine the relationship between the fertilizer layer control board position and the fertilizing quantity. The experimental results showed that when the seed-fertilizer cylinder rotating speed was 20~50 r/min, the seed-fertilizer cylinder rotating speed was linearly related to the seeding quantity and fertilizing quantity. When the angle between the fertilizer layer control board and the vertical direction increased within 22°~38°, the fertilizing rate was gradually increased between 1 709.63 g/min and 2 484.31 g/min. The DEM-CFD coupling simulation was applied to analyze the influence of auxiliary conveying airflow on the seed velocity and force inside the seed guiding tube. The results indicated that when the inclination angle between the seed guiding tube and the vertical plane was 10°~70°, the auxiliary conveying airflow could achieve accelerated seed discharge through the seed guiding tube and avoid seed retention. The results of the bench validation test showed that when the seed-fertilizer cylinder rotating speed was 20~50 r/min, the stability variation coefficient of the total seeding quantity was not higher than 0.92%, the consistency variation coefficient of each row of seeding quantity was not higher than 3.64%, the seed damage rate was not higher than 0.04%, the stability variation coefficient of the total fertilizing quantity was not higher than 1.21%, and the consistency variation coefficient of each row of fertilizing was not higher than 4.41%. As the seeding rapeseed was fixed, the angle between the fertilizer layer control board and the vertical direction could be adjusted to meet different fertilizing requirements. The field test results indicated that the variation coefficient for the consistency of the number of plants in each row of rapeseed was 9.25%, and the variation coefficient for the stability of the total number of plants was 7.16%, which met the requirements for precision seeding for rapeseed.

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王磊,周國威,張青松,廖慶喜,廖宜濤,牛莉,夏立波.丘陵山區(qū)輕筒型油菜種-肥同播同施集排裝置設計與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(9):89-101. WANG Lei, ZHOU Guowei, ZHANG Qingsong, LIAO Qingxi, LIAO Yitao, NIU Li, XIA Libo. Design and Experiment of Lightweight and Simple Centralized Seeding-Fertilizing Device for Rapeseed in Hilly and Mountainous Areas[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(9):89-101.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-09-10
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