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節(jié)水灌溉減氮配施生物炭對水稻光合特性與水氮利用的影響
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綏化學院2021年科研啟動基金項目(SQ21009)和黑龍江省省屬高等學校基本科研業(yè)務費一般項目(YWF10236230215)


Effect of Water-saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Biochar Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice
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    摘要:

    為闡明節(jié)水灌溉減氮配施生物炭對水稻光合特性及水氮利用的影響,,采用田間小區(qū)試驗與微區(qū)試驗結(jié)合的方法,,應用15N示蹤技術,以B0N1(不施用生物炭+常規(guī)施氮水平)作為對照,,設置B1N2(減氮10%+12.5t/hm2生物炭),、B2N2(減氮10%+25t/hm2生物炭)、B1N3(減氮20%+12.5t/hm2生物炭),、B2N3(減氮20%+25t/hm2生物炭),、B1N4(減氮30%+12.5t/hm2生物炭)、B2N4(減氮30%+25t/hm2生物炭)等處理,,觀測水稻植株葉片的光合特性參數(shù)以及干物質(zhì)積累和耗水過程,,并建立光合特性參數(shù)與水分利用效率(WUE)、氮肥吸收利用率(NUE),、干物質(zhì)量及產(chǎn)量之間的關系,。結(jié)果表明:節(jié)水灌溉下適量減氮配施生物炭可以增加葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)、葉綠素含量(SPAD),、凈光合速率(Pn),、氣孔導度(Gs)和蒸騰速率(Tr),減小氣孔限制值(Ls),;而過量減施氮肥或施加生物炭均會增加Ls,,減小LAI、SPAD,、Pn,、Gs和Tr;與B0N1處理相比,,B1N2處理植株干物質(zhì)總積累量提高14.79%,,而B2N4處理降低16.02%;B1N2處理水稻NUE,、產(chǎn)量,、WUE顯著高于B0N1處理(P<0.05),分別提高12.92%,、9.95%,、12.58%,,B2N4處理水稻NUE、產(chǎn)量,、WUE顯著低于B0N1處理(P<0.05),,分別降低22.87%、18.20%,、5.66%,;WUE與光合特性參數(shù)(除LAI-分蘗期、SPAD,、Tr-灌漿期外)均呈顯著或極顯著正相關,,與Ls均呈極顯著負相關(P<0.01);NUE,、干物質(zhì)量,、產(chǎn)量與光合特性參數(shù)(除LAI-分蘗期、SPAD-分蘗期,、Tr-灌漿期外)均呈顯著或極顯著正相關,,與Ls均呈顯著或極顯著負相關。綜合來看,,B1N2處理最優(yōu),,即節(jié)水灌溉下減施10%氮肥配施12.5t/hm2生物炭有利于提高水氮利用率和產(chǎn)量,研究結(jié)果可為節(jié)水灌溉減氮配施生物炭模式在寒地黑土稻田的應用提供理論依據(jù)和技術支撐,。

    Abstract:

    To elucidate the effects of water-saving irrigation and nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application on the photosynthetic characteristics and water and nitrogen utilization of rice, a combination of field trials test and microzone test was used. 15N tracing technology was applied, with B0N1 (no biochar application+conventional nitrogen application level) as the control. B1N2 (10% nitrogen reduction+12.5t/hm2 biochar), B2N2 (10% nitrogen reduction+25t/hm2 biochar), B1N3 (20% nitrogen reduction+12.5t/hm2 biochar), B2N3 (20% nitrogen reduction+25t/hm2 biochar), B1N4 (30% nitrogen reduction+12.5t/hm2 biochar) and B2N4 (30% nitrogen reduction+25t/hm2 biochar) were set up, the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of rice plant leaves, as well as dry matter accumulation and water consumption processes, were observed, and the relationship between photosynthetic characteristic parameters and WUE, NUE, amount of dry matter, and yield was established. The results showed that under water-saving irrigation, appropriate nitrogen reduction combined with biochar application can increase leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (SPAD), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr), while reducing stomatal limitation values (Ls). Excessive reduction of nitrogen fertilizer or application of biochar would increase Ls, decrease LAI, SPAD, Pn, Gs, and Tr Compared with B0N1 treatment, B1N2 treatment increased the total accumulation of dry matter in plants by 14.79%, while B2N4 treatment decreased that by 16.02%. The NUE, yield, and WUE of rice treated with B1N2 were significantly higher than those treated with B0N1(P<0.05), with increases of 12.92%, 9.95%, and 1258%, respectively. The NUE, yield, and WUE of rice treated with B2N4 was significantly lower than that of B0N1(P<0.05), with decreases of 22.87%, 18.20%, and 5.66%, respectively;WUE and photosynthetic characteristic parameters (except LAI-tillering stage, SPAD, Tr-grouting stage) were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated, and were significantly negatively correlated with Ls (P<0.01). NUE, amount of dry matter, yield, and photosynthetic characteristic parameters (except LAI-tillering stage, SPAD-tillering stage, Tr-grouting stage) were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated, and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with Ls. Overall, B1N2 treatment was the most optimal, which meant reducing the application of 10% nitrogen fertilizer and apply 12.5t/hm2 of biochar under water-saving irrigation was beneficial for improving water and nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the application of water-saving irrigation with nitrogen reduction and biochar application in cold and black soil paddy fields.

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張作合,周利軍,李浩宇,孔凡丹,呂項龍.節(jié)水灌溉減氮配施生物炭對水稻光合特性與水氮利用的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2024,55(7):386-395,,438. ZHANG Zuohe, ZHOU Lijun, LI Haoyu, KONG Fandan, Lü Xianglong. Effect of Water-saving Irrigation and Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Biochar Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Water and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(7):386-395,438.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-10
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