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油菜高速機(jī)械離心式集排器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000405)


Design and Experiment of High-speed Mechanical Centrifugal Centralized Seed Metering Device for Rapeseed
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)油菜機(jī)械離心式集排器高速作業(yè)時(shí)供種及投種能力不足,,導(dǎo)致排種量與作業(yè)速度不匹配、排種性能不穩(wěn)定等問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種被動(dòng)式供種,、“圓孔+漸變孔柱”組合式型孔投種的油菜高速機(jī)械離心式集排器。構(gòu)建了供種,、投種過(guò)程中的力學(xué)模型,,分析確定了影響排種性能的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);利用EDEM離散元仿真開(kāi)展了供種調(diào)節(jié)高度對(duì)供種速率調(diào)節(jié)量影響的試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明當(dāng)供種調(diào)節(jié)高度為3~8mm時(shí),,供種速率在64.95~357.54g/min范圍內(nèi)可調(diào);采用兩因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)分析了限種套筒下擺高度及傾角對(duì)初始種量,、臨界轉(zhuǎn)速及環(huán)狀種層最大高度的影響,。通過(guò)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)確定了較優(yōu)限種套筒結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),結(jié)合高速攝影對(duì)比了5種型孔結(jié)構(gòu)下動(dòng)錐體轉(zhuǎn)速與排種量關(guān)系,,確定最優(yōu)型孔結(jié)構(gòu)為“圓孔+漸變孔柱”組合式型孔,。較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合集排器排種性能驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)速為115~205r/min時(shí),排種速率為60.96~355.76g/min,,油菜各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)均低于5.2%,,總排量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)均低于1.3%,破損率低于0.5%,,滿足作業(yè)速度6~12km/h時(shí)的排種量要求,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)機(jī)組作業(yè)速度為7.89,、11.98km/h時(shí),,油菜各行植株均勻性變異系數(shù)低于11%,種植密度為43~58株/m2,,滿足油菜精量播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    Considering the practical problems that the inadequate seed supply and discharge capacity at high speed operations in the existing mechanical centrifugal metering device for rapeseed which led to mismatch between the amount of seed row and the operation speed, and poor seed row performance, a type of metering device with passive seed filling and “round hole+gradient hole column” combined type holes for seed discharge was designed. The mechanical model of seed supply and discharge process was constructed and the key structural parameters affecting seed discharge performance were analyzed and determined. The experiment on the influence of the seed supply adjustable height on the adjustment range of the seed supply rate was simulated by using EDEM discrete element simulation software, which revealed the seed supply rate was adjustable in the range of 64.95~357.54g/min when the seed supply adjustable height was in the range of 3~8mm. The influence of the hem height and inclination angle of the seed limiting sleeve on the initial seed quantity, critical speed and the maximum height of the annular seed layer was analyzed by using two factors and three levels orthogonal test. The optimum structural parameters of seed limiting sleeve were determined by bench test. Combined with high-speed photography, the relationship between the rotating speed of the moving cone and the seed metering amount under five kinds of hole structures was compared, and the optimal hole structure was determined as “round hole+gradient hole column” combined type holes. The bench verification test results of the metering performance of the metering device with better parameter combination at different rotating speeds showed that when the speed of the metering device was 115~205r/min, the seeding amount rate was 60.96~355.76g/min, the apiece row consistency variation coefficient was less than 5.2%, the single row stability variation coefficient was less than 1.3%, and the damage rate was less than 0.5%, which can meet the working speed of 6~12km/h. The field experiment showed that when the planting speed was 7.89km/h and 11.98km/h, the apiece row plant distribution consistency of rapeseed was less than 11%, and the planting density was 43~58 plants/m2, which could meet the seeding performance requirements of rapeseed.

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廖慶喜,沈文惠,王磊,霍佳琪,羅湛程,廖宜濤.油菜高速機(jī)械離心式集排器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(7):154-167. LIAO Qingxi, SHEN Wenhui, WANG Lei, HUO Jiaqi, LUO Zhancheng, LIAO Yitao. Design and Experiment of High-speed Mechanical Centrifugal Centralized Seed Metering Device for Rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(7):154-167.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-10
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