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交錯(cuò)勾齒式小麥精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000402),、江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項(xiàng)目(CX(23)3027)、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程項(xiàng)目(CAAS-SAE-202301)和江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(BK20211021)


Design and Experiment of Wheat Precision Seed Metering Device with Staggered Hook-tooth
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)小麥精量播種需求以及現(xiàn)有排種器脈動(dòng)性高、均勻性差的問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種4排交錯(cuò)勾齒式小麥精量排種器,,利用勾齒式型孔單粒囊種,并通過勾齒交錯(cuò)布置使下落的種子流形成交錯(cuò)有序的種子面,,減少種子間的碰撞重疊,,提高種子的有序性。通過對(duì)充種過程中小麥種子姿態(tài)分析,,確定了型孔的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和曲線輪廓,。運(yùn)用離散元法EDEM,分析了排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速和充種區(qū)域夾角對(duì)充種性能的影響規(guī)律,。仿真結(jié)果表明,,排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)充種時(shí)處于有利姿態(tài)的種子數(shù)量有顯著影響,充種區(qū)夾角的增大有利于提高充種率,,但充種區(qū)夾角過大會(huì)造成成功充入種子掉落出型孔,,降低充種性能。在此基礎(chǔ)上,,以排種合格率,、單粒率、空穴率為指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),,獲得了最優(yōu)工作參數(shù)組合,。在排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速、充種區(qū)高度以及毛刷/排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速比分別為18r/min,、73mm,、2.5條件下,與現(xiàn)有凸齒式小麥排種器進(jìn)行對(duì)比試驗(yàn),,交錯(cuò)勾齒式小麥排種器的排量變異系數(shù)比凸齒式排種器降低0.66個(gè)百分點(diǎn),,落種過程中排出的種子交錯(cuò)有序下落,具有更好的排種均勻性,。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the demand for precision seeding of wheat and the uniformity seed spacing, a precision seed metering device with staggered hook-tooth was designed. The hook tooth were used to grab seeds orderly, and the staggered arrangement of the teeth allows the falling seeds to form a staggered and ordered surface, reducing collision and overlap between seeds. The key structural parameters and curve profile of the hole were determined by analyzing the seed postures during seed-filling process. The effects of the rotational speed of the seeding wheel and the angle of the seed-filling area on the operation performance were analyzed by using discrete element method EDEM. The simulation results showed that the speed of the seeding wheel had a significant effect on the seeds postures. The increase in the angle of the seed-filling area was conducive to improving the seed-filling performance. However, too large an angle of the filling area may cause the successfully filled seeds to fall out of the hole. On this basis of that, laboratory tests were conducted. Qualified rate, single rate, and multiple rate were used as performance indicators. Rotational speed of seeding wheel, height of seed-filling area and speed ratio of brush/seeding wheel were the test factors. The regression equations of the qualified rate, single rate, and multiple rate were obtained. Through the regression equations, it was found that the optimum performance of the seed metering device was achieved. A validation tests were carried out using the optimal parameters at the seeding wheel speed of 18r/min, the height of seed-filling area of 73mm, and the speed ratio of brush/seeding wheel of 2.5. The qualification rate was 90.36%, and the single rate was 87.26%, which verified the reliability of the regression model. Comparison tests were carried out by selecting the seed metering device commonly used in wheat planter. A high speed camera was used to capture the process of seed dropping. The metering device designed realized the staggered and orderly seeds falling, which improved the uniformity of seed distribution. The research result can provide theoretical support for the development of wheat precision seeding technology.

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王云霞,黃蘇同,張文毅,祁兵,周荀澤,丁友強(qiáng).交錯(cuò)勾齒式小麥精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(7):142-153,,167. WANG Yunxia, HUANG Sutong, ZHANG Wenyi, QI Bing, ZHOU Xunze, DING Youqiang. Design and Experiment of Wheat Precision Seed Metering Device with Staggered Hook-tooth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(7):142-153,167.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-10
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