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基于PLC控制的等徑凸輪傳動(dòng)自動(dòng)變速秸稈粉碎還田裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31971803)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(15053349)


Design and Experiment of Variable-speed Straw Chopping Machine Based on PLC Control with Equal Diameter Cam Transmission
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    摘要:

    為提高玉米秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)具作業(yè)質(zhì)量,解決傳統(tǒng)秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)械作業(yè)參數(shù)不可實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)等問(wèn)題,,基于等徑凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)原理,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于PLC控制的自動(dòng)變速秸稈粉碎還田裝置。通過(guò)分析地表支撐條件下秸稈粉碎過(guò)程中受力變化,,確定影響秸稈粉碎效果主要因素,,利用LS-Dyna軟件確定主要因素取值范圍;通過(guò)理論計(jì)算和動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真分析,,優(yōu)化粉碎刀運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡并確定粉碎機(jī)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵部件參數(shù),。為提高玉米秸稈粉碎合格率,建立“泵-閥-馬達(dá)”調(diào)速模型,,設(shè)計(jì)人機(jī)交互界面進(jìn)行作業(yè)參數(shù)設(shè)置,,實(shí)現(xiàn)不同秸稈覆蓋量情況下,秸稈粉碎裝置作業(yè)參數(shù)快速匹配,,以機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度,、秸稈覆蓋量為試驗(yàn)因素,以秸稈粉碎合格率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行單因素試驗(yàn),。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)田間秸稈覆蓋量一定時(shí),隨著主軸轉(zhuǎn)速增加,,粉碎合格率呈明顯上升趨勢(shì),;當(dāng)主軸轉(zhuǎn)速一定時(shí),隨著田間秸稈覆蓋量的增加,,粉碎合格率有所下降,;當(dāng)主軸轉(zhuǎn)速超過(guò)200r/min時(shí),秸稈粉碎合格率均達(dá)到90%以上,,基本保持不變,。為進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,進(jìn)行變速秸稈粉碎方式與定速秸稈粉碎方式對(duì)比試驗(yàn),。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,變速秸稈粉碎方式秸稈粉碎合格率為92.17%,優(yōu)于定速秸稈粉碎方式,。該裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)了秸稈粉碎還田作業(yè)參數(shù)精準(zhǔn)控制,,為秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)具智能化發(fā)展提供了技術(shù)支撐。

    Abstract:

    To enhance the chopping quality of the maize straw chopping machine and address issues such as the inability to adjust traditional straw chopping parameters, a straw variable-speed chopping device based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) controlled mechanism utilizing an equal diameter cam mechanism for reciprocating motion was designed. Through analyzing force variations during straw chopping underground support conditions, the primary factors influencing the effectiveness of straw chopping were identified, and the LS-Dyna software was employed to determine the range of values for these factors. Through theoretical calculations and dynamic simulation analysis, the motion trajectory of the chopping blades was optimized, and key component parameters of the chopping mechanism were determined. To improve the chopping pass rate of maize straw chopping process, a “pump-valve-motor” speed regulation model was established. A human-machine interface was designed for operational parameter settings, facilitating rapid matching of chopping device operational parameters under different straw cover conditions. Experimental trials were conducted, with forward speed and straw cover as test factors and straw chopping pass rate as the evaluation index. The results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in chopping pass rate with the increase of chopping speed when the field straw cover was constant. Conversely, with a constant chopping speed, the chopping pass rate was decreased as field straw cover was increased. Beyond chopping speed of 200r/min, the chopping pass rate reached over 90% and remained relatively constant. To further validate the experimental results, a comparative test was conducted between variable-speed and constant-speed straw chopping methods, revealing straw chopping pass rate of 92.17% for the variable-speed method compared with the constant-speed method. This device achieved precise control of operational parameters for straw chopping, providing technical support for the intelligent development of straw chopping machines.

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林涵,何進(jìn),李慧,王超,李航,譚露.基于PLC控制的等徑凸輪傳動(dòng)自動(dòng)變速秸稈粉碎還田裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(7):96-110. LIN Han, HE Jin, LI Hui, WANG Chao, LI Hang, TAN Lu. Design and Experiment of Variable-speed Straw Chopping Machine Based on PLC Control with Equal Diameter Cam Transmission[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(7):96-110.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-10
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