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曳引搖枝式板栗落果裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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湖北省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2023AFB871)


Design and Experiment of Trolling Branch-type Chestnut Fruit Dropping Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)當(dāng)前丘陵山地板栗采摘困難、人工收獲工作強(qiáng)度大,、采收效率低等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種由柔性鋼絲繩曳引振動(dòng)的小型搖枝式板栗落果裝置。建立板栗果實(shí)-果枝單擺動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,,分析果實(shí)脫落條件,,得到板栗果實(shí)振動(dòng)脫落切向加速度為285.36m/s2,得出影響板栗果實(shí)脫落的主要因素為果枝振動(dòng)頻率,、振幅,、振動(dòng)時(shí)間;進(jìn)行板栗果枝振動(dòng)特性試驗(yàn),,用Default Shaker液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)以0~30Hz掃頻方式確定垂直方向上板栗果枝共振頻率,,并在頻率7~15Hz段進(jìn)行駐頻試驗(yàn),得出振動(dòng)落果較優(yōu)頻率為10~12Hz,。根據(jù)果枝振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,,利用ADAMS軟件對(duì)搖振機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行仿真,結(jié)果表明,,搖桿振幅大于95mm時(shí),,果枝末端加速度可滿足板栗果振動(dòng)脫落的加速度條件,確定了落果裝置參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,。設(shè)計(jì)了三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn),,試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,板栗落果最佳作業(yè)參數(shù)組合為搖振頻率11Hz,、振幅135mm,、搖振時(shí)間30s,此時(shí)板栗落果率為91.9%,,樹皮損傷率為8.8%,,滿足農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械推廣鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中樹皮損傷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

    Abstract:

    In view of the difficulties in picking chestnuts in hilly areas, the high intensity of manual harvesting and the low efficiency of harvesting, a small shaking branch type chestnuts dropping device with the vibration of flexible wire rope was designed. A single pendulum model was established to analyze the conditions of fruit shedding. The tangential acceleration of fruit shedding was 285.36m/s2, and the main factors affecting fruit shedding were the frequency, amplitude and time of branch vibration. The vibration characteristics of chestnut fruit branches were tested. The frequency range of chestnut fruit branches in the vertical direction was determined by sweeping frequency mode of 0~30Hz with Default Shaker hydraulic shaking table, and the standing frequency test was carried out in the frequency range of 7~15Hz. The optimal frequency range of vibrating fruit fell was found to be 10~12Hz. According to the results of the fruit branch vibration test, ADAMS was used to simulate the shaking mechanism. The results showed that when the rocker amplitude was greater than 95mm, the acceleration of the end of the fruit branch could meet the acceleration conditions of the chestnut fruit vibration, and the rationality of the parameter design of the fruit dropping device was confirmed. A three-factor and three-level field orthogonal test was designed, and the results showed that the highest fruit drop rate was the shaking frequency of 11Hz, the amplitude of 135mm, and the shaking time of 30s. In the experiment, the highest fruit dropping rate of chestnut was 91.9%, and the bark damage rate was 8.8%, which met the bark damage standard of agricultural machinery popularization and identification.

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宗望遠(yuǎn),宋寶,肖洋軼,鄧丁霖,許歡,李茂.曳引搖枝式板栗落果裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(7):57-66. ZONG Wangyuan, SONG Bao, XIAO Yangyi, DENG Dinglin, XU Huan, LI Mao. Design and Experiment of Trolling Branch-type Chestnut Fruit Dropping Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(7):57-66.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-07-10
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