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紅蘿卜側(cè)面懸置排種勺式精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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哈爾濱劍橋?qū)W院重點(diǎn)科研應(yīng)用研究項(xiàng)目(JQZKY2022021)


Design and Experiment of Side-hung Seed-rowing Spoon Type Precision Seed Metering Device for Radish
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    摘要:

    為解決傳統(tǒng)機(jī)械式蔬菜排種器無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)精量播種及存在傷種的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種紅蘿卜側(cè)面懸置排種勺式精量排種器,。采用排種盤側(cè)面懸置的排種勺完成種子的充種、清種,、投種,,實(shí)現(xiàn)了非接觸式作業(yè)過(guò)程,理論分析了種子進(jìn)入及脫離種勺的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程,,并闡明其不傷種的基本原理,,確定了排種盤、排種勺以及排種管的基本結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),,采用EDEM離散元仿真軟件模擬了不同排種勺結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸下的工作過(guò)程,,以排種勺型孔直徑、深度及放樣曲面圓角比為試驗(yàn)因素,,以單粒率,、多粒率,、空粒率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),采用三因素五水平二次通用旋轉(zhuǎn)組合設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行仿真試驗(yàn),,確定排種勺最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為:型孔直徑5mm,,深度4.3mm,放樣曲面圓角比0.12,,基于此參數(shù)進(jìn)行離散元仿真試驗(yàn),,通過(guò)自制排種器試驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)以及將排種器安裝到播種機(jī)上進(jìn)行田間試驗(yàn),仿真試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為單粒率93%,、多粒率4%,、空粒率3%,臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為合格指數(shù)平均值92.2%,、重播指數(shù)平均值4.6%,、漏播指數(shù)平均值3.2%,相對(duì)誤差分別為0.86%,、15%,、6.67%,田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果為:合格指數(shù)90.5%,、重播指數(shù)6.9%,、漏播指數(shù)2.6%,證明此排種器精量播種性能良好,。同時(shí)與毛刷窩眼輪式排種器進(jìn)行損傷率對(duì)比試驗(yàn),,損傷率分別為0.43%、1.27%,,相對(duì)誤差為66.14%,,表明種子損傷明顯降低。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the traditional mechanical vegetable seeder can not realize the problem of precision sowing and the existence of injured seeds, a radish spoon type precision seed discharger was designed. Seed filling, seed cleaning and seed feeding were accomplished by using a seed scoop suspended from the side of the seed tray, realizing a non-touch operation process. The movement of seeds into and out of the seed scoop was analyzed theoretically, and to clarify the rationale for its non-injurious nature, the basic structural parameters of seed disks, seed scoops and seed tubes were determined, EDEM discrete element simulation software was used to simulate the working process under different structural dimensions of the seed-rowing spoon. The test factors were the diameter and depth of the hole in the seeding spoon and the rounding ratio of the release surface, single grain rate, multiple grain rate and empty grain rate were used as test indicators. Simulation experiments were conducted by using a 3-factor, 5-level secondary general rotary combination design, the optimal structure parameters of the seed discharge spoon for the hole diameter of 5mm, the depth of 4.3mm, the release surface fillet ratio of 0.12 were determined. Based on discrete element simulation of this parameter, bench testing was done via a homemade seed dispenser test bed and attachment of seed displacer to planter for field trials. The results of the simulation test were as follows: single grain rate was 93%, multiple grain rate was 4%, empty grain rate was 3%. The results of the bench test were as follows: the mean value of the pass index was 92.2%, the mean value of the reseeding index was 4.6% and the mean value of the leakage index was 3.2%,,the relative errors were 0.86%, 15% and 6.67%, respectively. The results of the field trial were as follows: the mean value of the pass index was 90.5%, the mean value of the reseeding index was 6.9% and the mean value of the leakage index was 2.6%,,which demonstrated good performance of precision seeding with this seed dispenser. Comparison test of simultaneous damage rate with brush fossa wheel seed discharger showed that the injury rates were 0.43% and 1.27%, respectively,relative error was 66.14%,,indicating a significant reduction in seed damage.

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頓國(guó)強(qiáng),郭娜,紀(jì)欣鑫,李鑫,王雷.紅蘿卜側(cè)面懸置排種勺式精量排種器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(5):77-86,97. DUN Guoqiang, GUO Na, JI Xinxin, LI Xin, WANG Lei. Design and Experiment of Side-hung Seed-rowing Spoon Type Precision Seed Metering Device for Radish[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(5):77-86,97.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-09-28
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