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切拋組合式小麥寬幅溝播破茬清秸防堵裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000405)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32101630)


Design and Experiment of Cutting and Throwing Combined Anti-blocking Device for Wide-seedbed Seeding of Wheat
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)西北地區(qū)玉米秸茬覆蓋地小麥免少耕寬幅溝播時(shí),,由于玉米根茬阻礙秸稈流動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的秸茬聚集壅堵,、土壤擾動(dòng)大、種帶清潔率低,、播種質(zhì)量差等問題,,提出先被動(dòng)切割、后主動(dòng)拋撒的種帶清理方法,。設(shè)計(jì)了一種切拋組合式破茬清秸防堵裝置,,通過縱向布置的傾斜缺口圓盤與旋拋裝置配合作業(yè)對(duì)種帶殘茬與秸稈進(jìn)行清理。適配防堵裝置設(shè)計(jì)了分流式開溝器,實(shí)現(xiàn)行距穩(wěn)定的一溝兩行播種,。分析確定了缺口圓盤傾角與偏角參數(shù),;依據(jù)滑切理論設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算了平直旋刀與側(cè)傾旋刀刃線結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);建立MBD-DEM聯(lián)合仿真平臺(tái)并采用正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn)方法,,以種帶清潔率,、秸茬粘結(jié)鍵破碎率與土壤擾動(dòng)寬度為指標(biāo)進(jìn)行旋拋裝置關(guān)鍵參數(shù)優(yōu)化仿真試驗(yàn)?;诜抡娼Y(jié)果建立各指標(biāo)回歸模型并通過響應(yīng)面分析與多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化得出,,當(dāng)側(cè)傾旋刀傾角為20°、回轉(zhuǎn)速度為310r/min時(shí),,防堵裝置種帶清潔率達(dá)到96.9%,,秸茬粘結(jié)鍵破碎率為26.9%,土壤擾動(dòng)寬度為139mm,。在玉米秸茬覆蓋地進(jìn)行小麥播種試驗(yàn),,結(jié)果表明切拋組合式小麥寬幅溝播破茬清秸防堵裝置通過性良好,種床清潔率為90.1%,,破茬率為96.2%,,土壤擾動(dòng)寬度為127mm,土壤擾動(dòng)量為6.9%,,整機(jī)作業(yè)質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定且播種后小麥出苗均勻,,滿足寬幅溝播小麥免耕播種農(nóng)藝要求,。

    Abstract:

    To address the issues of residue accumulation and blockage, significant soil disturbance, low cleanliness of seedbed, and poor seeding quality caused by maize stubble and straw residues during no-tillage wide-row wheat sowing in maize residue-covered fields, a seedbed cleaning method combining passive cutting and subsequent active throwing was proposed. A cutting and spreading combined residue-breaking and residue-preventing device was designed, which utilized longitudinally arranged inclined notched discs and rotating spreading devices to clean seedbed residues and straw. A diversion-type furrow opener was designed to stabilize row spacing and achieve one furrow seeding two rows. The tilt angle and skew angle parameters of the notched discs were determined based on force and kinematic analyses of straw residues during device operation. The straight and inclined rotary blade parameters were designed and calculated based on the sliding-cutting theory. Using the orthogonal rotation combination experimental method, key parameters of the spreading device were optimized through simulation experiments on the established MBD-DEM combined simulation platform, with seedbed cleanliness rate, residue breaking rate, and soil disturbance as indicators. Based on simulation results, regression models for each indicator were established and response surface analysis and multi-objective optimization were conducted. The optimal parameters were determined to be as tilt angle of 20° and rotation speed of 310r/min, resulting in seedbed cleanliness rate of 96.9%, residue bonds breaking rate of 26.9%, and soil disturbance width of 139mm. Wheat seeding experiments in maize residue-covered fields showed that the sowing machine equipped with the cutting and spreading combined anti-breaking and residue-preventing device had good pass ability, with seedbed cleanliness rate of 90.1%, residue-breaking rate of 96.2%, soil disturbance width of 127mm, soil disturbance rate of 6.9%, stable overall operation quality, and uniform wheat emergence after seeding, meeting the agronomic requirements for wide-seedbed seeding of wheat.

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張仕林,黃玉祥,趙宏波,付作立,劉正道,史江濤.切拋組合式小麥寬幅溝播破茬清秸防堵裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(5):40-52. ZHANG Shilin, HUANG Yuxiang, ZHAO Hongbo, FU Zuoli, LIU Zhengdao, SHI Jiangtao. Design and Experiment of Cutting and Throwing Combined Anti-blocking Device for Wide-seedbed Seeding of Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(5):40-52.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-03-16
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