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基于YOLO v5的直播油菜激光間苗系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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西安近代化學(xué)研究所開放合作創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(SYJJ200304)


Research and Experiment of Direct Seeding Rape Laser Seedling System Based on YOLO v5
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    摘要:

    間苗是保證直播油菜增產(chǎn)的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)措施,,為解決人工間苗勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、機(jī)械間苗不精確的問(wèn)題,,采用機(jī)器視覺的方式,,基于深度學(xué)習(xí)算法YOLO v5平臺(tái),設(shè)計(jì)并搭建自動(dòng)間苗裝置,。機(jī)器視覺系統(tǒng)評(píng)估幼苗種群的合理密植情況,間苗算法以間距和幼苗葉展為評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,實(shí)現(xiàn)控制幼苗間距和篩選優(yōu)質(zhì)苗的功能,。選用遺傳算法對(duì)間苗行進(jìn)路徑進(jìn)行規(guī)劃,相較于未規(guī)劃路徑可縮短最低為50%的行進(jìn)距離,,最終采用激光器高溫?zé)姆绞酵瓿砷g苗作業(yè),。選取油菜苗作為試驗(yàn)材料,,間苗閾值α是劃定幼苗最小間距的參數(shù),設(shè)置不同的間苗閾值α進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),。結(jié)果表明,,間除苗的數(shù)量隨著間苗閾值α的增加而增加,幼苗平均密度下降的同時(shí)種群分布趨于均勻,,對(duì)間除苗的葉展長(zhǎng)度分類統(tǒng)計(jì),,α為0~75mm時(shí),間除苗葉展長(zhǎng)度全部在0~20mm范圍,;α為75~200mm時(shí),,間除苗葉展長(zhǎng)度為0~40mm,其中葉展長(zhǎng)度為20~40mm的最高占比約為76%,;α為200~350mm時(shí),,間除苗葉展長(zhǎng)度在40mm以上的幼苗開始增加,最高占比約為14%,,間除苗葉展長(zhǎng)度梯次分布證明了間苗算法具備篩選優(yōu)質(zhì)苗的性能,。間苗執(zhí)行階段耗時(shí)占據(jù)間苗作業(yè)總耗時(shí)的90%以上,以激光走線參數(shù)L,、激光器功率P,、間苗距離閾值為試驗(yàn)因素,三因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:選擇合適的激光走線參數(shù)L能有效提高間苗死亡率,、降低間苗誤傷率和減少間苗耗時(shí),,在參數(shù)L為30mm、P為7.5W,、α為250mm下開展土槽臺(tái)架性能驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),,激光間苗平均死亡率為93.29%,平均誤傷率為5.19%,,平均總耗時(shí)為15.19min,,為開發(fā)基于機(jī)器視覺的激光自動(dòng)間苗機(jī)提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)支撐。

    Abstract:

    Seedling is a key technical measure to ensure the increase of direct canola yield, based on the deep learning algorithm YOLO v5 detection platform, a visual seedling system was developed, which can visualize the planting density of seedlings and help growers grasp the situation of reasonable dense planting. An interseedling algorithm with spacing and seedling leaf spread as the evaluation criteria was developed, which can standardize the seedling spacing and meet the horticultural requirements of seedlings to remove inferiority and store excellent seedlings. The genetic algorithm was used to plan the travel path of seedlings to improve the efficiency of seedlings. Compared with unplanned routes, the travel distance can be shortened by more than 50%. Rapeseed seeds were selected as experimental materials, and set different threshold values α for the experiment. The results showed that with the increase of the threshold α of inter-seedlings, the number of inter-seedlings was also increased, and the average density of the identified area was decreased, and the leaf spread length of the inter-seedlings was classified and counted, the ladder distribution of the leaf length of the seedlings proved that the seedling extension algorithm had the function of eliminating inferiority and preserving excellence. The execution stage of the seedlings accounted for more than 90% of the total time spent in the seedling operation. The three-factor three-level orthogonal test was carried out with the laser trace range, laser power, distance threshold, as the test factors. The performance verification test was carried out under the parameters of the optimal interseedling L of 30mm, the laser power P of 7.5W, and the inter-seedling threshold α of 250mm, reducing the accidental injury rate of seedlings and the time consumption of seedlings. The experiment showed that the average mortality rate of laser seedlings was 93.29%, the average false injury rate was 5.19%, the average total time spent was 15.19min. The research result provided a theoretical basis for automatic seedlings and provided equipment support for agricultural industrial planting.

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張昌松,李偉.基于YOLO v5的直播油菜激光間苗系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(4):40-52. ZHANG Changsong, LI Wei. Research and Experiment of Direct Seeding Rape Laser Seedling System Based on YOLO v5[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(4):40-52.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-04-10
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