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氣吸雙行錯置式玉米密植精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(52005008,、52275229)和安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)物質(zhì)技術(shù)裝備揭榜掛帥項目(2022296906020007)


Design and Experiment of Air-suction Double-row Staggered Precision Seed Metering Device for Maize Dense Planting
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    摘要:

    針對大豆-玉米復(fù)合密植播種模式下傳統(tǒng)氣吸式排種器單行種盤高轉(zhuǎn)速作業(yè)導(dǎo)致充種時間短、氣流穩(wěn)定性差,,難以實現(xiàn)高速精量密植播種的問題,,設(shè)計了一種氣吸雙行錯置式玉米密植精量排種器,闡述了排種器結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理,,對其工作過程及關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行理論分析,,構(gòu)建充種和投種環(huán)節(jié)的種子力學(xué)模型,確定排種盤內(nèi)外環(huán)型孔排布,、投種輪,、氣室等關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并開展單,、雙氣道內(nèi)負(fù)壓分布,、型孔內(nèi)氣流場特性分析,基于DEM-CFD耦合方法對排種器的排種過程進(jìn)行仿真分析,,以作業(yè)速度,、氣室結(jié)構(gòu)和負(fù)壓為試驗因素,充種合格指數(shù),、重充指數(shù)和漏充指數(shù)為評價指標(biāo),,優(yōu)選出最優(yōu)氣室結(jié)構(gòu)。通過臺架試驗開展不同氣吸式排種器排種性能對比試驗,。試驗結(jié)果表明,,在作業(yè)速度為5~10km/h的高速密植工況下,氣吸雙行錯置式密植精量排種器排種合格指數(shù)均大于88.7%,,且作業(yè)速度為10km/h時,,相較于常用單圓環(huán)氣吸式排種器合格指數(shù)提高5.5個百分點,漏播指數(shù)降低5.6個百分點,;田間試驗結(jié)果表明,,在作業(yè)速度為5km/h下,,播種合格指數(shù)為95.7%,重播指數(shù)為1.6%,,漏播指數(shù)為2.8%,。提出的氣吸雙行錯置式玉米密植精量排種器在高速作業(yè)時擁有良好的排種性能,能夠滿足大豆-玉米高速精量密植播種要求,。

    Abstract:

    A air-suction double-row staggered precision seed metering device was designed to address the problems of short filling time and poor airflow stability caused in the high-speed operation of the traditional air-suction seeder's single row seed tray, which made it difficult to achieve high-speed and precise seeding in the soybean corn compound dense planting mode. The structure and working principle of the seeder were explained, theoretical analysis of the seeding process and key components, construction of seed mechanics models for filling and seeding stages, determination of key structural parameters such as the arrangement of inner and outer ring holes in the seeding disc, seeding wheel, and air chamber, and analysis of negative pressure distribution and airflow characteristics inside single and double air passages were done. Based on the DEM-CFD coupling method, the seeding process of the seeder was simulated and analyzed with operating speed, air chamber structure and negative pressure as experimental factors, and filling qualification rate, refilling rate and leakage rate as evaluation indicators, the optimal chamber structure was selected. A comparative test was conducted on the seeding performance of different air-suction seeders through bench tests. The test results showed that the air-suction double-row staggered dense planting precision seeder had a seeding qualification index greater than 88.7% under high-speed dense seeding conditions with operating speeds of 5~10km/h. Moreover, compared with the commonly used single ring air-suction seeder at operating speed of 10km/h, the qualification index was increased by 5.5 percentage points and the missed seeding indexwas decreased by 5.6 percentage points. The field test results showed that under the working condition of 5km/h, the qualified sowing index was 95.7%, the replanting index was 1.6%, and the missed sowing index was 2.8%. The proposed air-suction double-row staggered corn dense planting precision seeder had good seeding performance in high-speed operation and could meet the requirements of high-speed precision seeding of soybeans and maize.

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王韋韋,宋嵐洲,石文兵,魏德華,陳永新,陳黎卿.氣吸雙行錯置式玉米密植精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2024,55(3):53-63. WANG Weiwei, SONG Lanzhou, SHI Wenbing, WEI Dehua, CHEN Yongxin, CHEN Liqing. Design and Experiment of Air-suction Double-row Staggered Precision Seed Metering Device for Maize Dense Planting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(3):53-63.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2024-01-18
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