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直播稻播前不同土壤火焰溫度條件下雜草種子發(fā)芽率試驗(yàn)
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嶺南現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室科研項(xiàng)目(NT2021009),、廣州市重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(202206010149)、廣東省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021B1212040009)和江西省井岡山農(nóng)高區(qū)省級(jí)科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(20222-051252-02)


Experiment on Weed Seed Germination Rate in Soil under Different Flame Temperature Conditions before Sowing of Direct-seeded Rice
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    摘要:

    雜草的有效控制是降低直播稻穩(wěn)產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要措施,,播前土壤火焰處理是以非化學(xué)方法在進(jìn)行播種前抑制雜草種子萌發(fā)的有效手段,。為明確土壤火焰處理中溫度場(chǎng)對(duì)雜草種子發(fā)芽率的影響規(guī)律,采用數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)燃料分流部件中集管結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,,數(shù)值模擬和驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,當(dāng)集管內(nèi)徑d為20mm、氣體輸入流量為1.0~3.5m3/h時(shí),,最大流量偏差系數(shù)Δη在3.0%以?xún)?nèi),,支管間氣體流量分配較均勻?;跀?shù)值模擬結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)了火焰燃燒裝置,,研究6種輸入流量(1.0~3.5m3/h)的液化石油氣燃料對(duì)火焰高度和火焰溫度分布的影響,以拖拉機(jī)行進(jìn)速度,、燃料輸入流量和土壤深度作為試驗(yàn)因素,,進(jìn)行了全因素試驗(yàn),采用稻田間常見(jiàn)的雜草種子研究溫度場(chǎng)對(duì)雜草種子發(fā)芽率的影響規(guī)律,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,在常溫常壓工作環(huán)境下,火焰高度和火焰溫度最高值均隨著燃料輸入流量的增大而增大,;當(dāng)拖拉機(jī)行進(jìn)速度為2.36km/h,,燃料輸入流量為2.5、3.0,、3.5m3/h時(shí),,土壤溫度最高值可分別達(dá)到92.83、116.58,、156.83℃,;相比未經(jīng)火焰處理的對(duì)照組,當(dāng)土壤溫度達(dá)到92.83℃時(shí),,在α=0.05的顯著性水平下,,千金子、異型莎草種子發(fā)芽率顯著降低,,但馬唐,、鱧腸種子發(fā)芽率受影響不顯著,當(dāng)土壤溫度達(dá)到116.58℃和156.83℃時(shí),,4種雜草種子發(fā)芽率均顯著降低,;當(dāng)土壤溫度達(dá)到156.83℃時(shí),馬唐,、鱧腸,、千金子和異型莎草4種雜草種子發(fā)芽率分別降低94.82%,、87.81%、86.54%和84.05%,。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,土壤火焰處理對(duì)稗草、馬唐,、鱧腸和異型莎草有顯著的抑制萌發(fā)作用,,其相對(duì)除草率Y≥80.00%。

    Abstract:

    Effective weed control is an important measure to reduce the risk of stable yields in direct seeded rice, and pre-sowing soil flame treatment is an effective means of suppressing weed seed germination prior to sowing by non-chemical methods. In order to clarify the law of the influence of the temperature field on the germination rate of weed seeds in soil flame treatment, the structural parameters of the header pipe in the fuel diversion component were investigated by using numerical simulation. The results of the numerical simulation and validation test showed that when the inner diameter of the header pipe d was 20mm and the gas input flow rates were 1.0~3.5m3/h, the maximum flow deviation rates Δη were within 3.0%, more uniform gas flow distribution between outlet branches. Based on the numerical simulation results, a flame combustion device was designed to study the effects of six types of LPG fuels with input flow rates (1.0~3.5m3/h) on the flame height and the flame temperature distribution, and a full-factorial test was carried out by using the tractor traveling speed, fuel input flow rate, and soil depth as test factors, and the effect of temperature field on the germination pattern of weed seeds was studied using common weed seeds among rice fields. The test results showed that the flame height and the maximum value of flame temperature were both increased with the increase of fuel input flow rates under normal temperature and pressure operating environment; when the tractor traveled at a speed of 2.36km/h and the fuel input flow rates were 2.5m3/h, 3.0m3/h and 3.5m3/h, the soil temperature could reach 92.83℃, 116.58℃ and 156.83℃, respectively; compared with the unflamed treatment control group, when the soil temperature reached 92.83℃, the germination rate of seeds of Leptochloa chinensis (L) Nees and Cyperus difformis were significantly reduced at the significance level of α=0.05, but the germination rate of seeds of Digitaria sanguinalis and Eclipta prostrata were not significantly affected, and the germination rate of seeds of the four weeds were significantly reduced when the soil temperature reached 116.58℃ and 156.83℃. When the soil temperature reached 156.83℃, the germination of seeds of four weed species Digitaria sanguinalis, Eclipta prostrata, Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees and Cyperus difformis-were decreased by 94.82%, 87.81%, 86.54% and 84.05%, respectively. The results of the field test showed that the soil flame treatments had significant germination inhibiting effects on Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eclipta prostrata, and Cyperus difformis, and their relative weed control rates Y was greater than or equal to 80.00%.

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周志艷,李鑫,黃俊浩,楊得帥,林鍵沁,姜銳.直播稻播前不同土壤火焰溫度條件下雜草種子發(fā)芽率試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2024,55(1):134-144. ZHOU Zhiyan, LI Xin, HUANG Junhao, YANG Deshuai, LIN Jianqin, JIANG Rui. Experiment on Weed Seed Germination Rate in Soil under Different Flame Temperature Conditions before Sowing of Direct-seeded Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2024,55(1):134-144.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2023-10-30
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