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手持沖擊梳刷式油茶果采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2019YFD1002401)


Design and Experiment of Hand-held Impacting Comb-type Camellia oleifera Fruit Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)丘陵山地油茶果人工采摘效率低、大型機(jī)械采收難且花苞損傷大等問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種手持沖擊梳刷式油茶果采摘裝置,,通過(guò)沖擊指的碰撞作用和指間梳刷作用采摘油茶果,可有效降低花苞損傷率,。以采摘裝置質(zhì)量最小化為目標(biāo),,利用Ansys Workbench拓?fù)鋬?yōu)化模塊進(jìn)行輕量化設(shè)計(jì),機(jī)架減輕近30.59%,;建立“沖擊指-油茶果”碰撞模型和“主枝-細(xì)枝-茶果”三擺動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,,明確影響油茶果采摘效果的主要因素為油茶果的質(zhì)量和壓入變形量、沖擊指質(zhì)量和轉(zhuǎn)速,、枝條長(zhǎng)度和質(zhì)量,;進(jìn)而以沖擊指轉(zhuǎn)速和指間夾角、裝置梳刷次數(shù)為試驗(yàn)因素,,以采摘速率,、采凈率和花苞損傷率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),開(kāi)展油茶果采摘試驗(yàn)并采用響應(yīng)面分析法處理試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),。結(jié)果表明,,沖擊指轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)采摘效果的影響最為顯著,且當(dāng)沖擊指轉(zhuǎn)速為409.8r/min,、指間夾角為4.1°,、裝置梳刷4.5次時(shí),裝置的采摘性能最佳,;此時(shí),,油茶果采摘速率為43.67kg/h,、采凈率為86.42%,花苞損傷率低于8.89%,,滿足高油茶果采凈率和低花苞損傷率的工作要求,。

    Abstract:

    Camellia oleifera is a unique woody oil tree species in China, which plays an important role in grain and oil security. However, there are problems with harvesting of Camellia oleifera fruits in hilly and mountainous areas such as low efficiency in manual harvesting, difficulties in flower and fruit synchronization, and difficulties in large-scale mechanical, limiting the development of mechanized harvesting of Camellia oleifera fruits. A handheld impacting combtype Camellia oleifera fruit harvester was designed. The impact component of the device was provided with a buffer sleeve and an angle adjustment mechanism. The harvesting of Camellia oleifera fruit was completed by using the collision and brushing action of the impact finger with the Camellia oleifera fruit. The goal was to minimize the quality of harvester. The topology optimization section of Ansys Workbench 19.2 software was used to lightweight design the harvester. After optimization the weight reduction of the rack was nearly 30.59%. Meanwhile, the “impact finger-Camellia oleifera” collision model and “main branch-secondary twig-fruit” three pendulum dynamic model were established. By analyzing, it can be seen that the main factors affecting the abscission of Camellia oleifera fruit were the mass and pressing deformation of Camellia oleifera fruit, the quality and rotation speed of the impact finger, and the length and quality of the branches after collision. The rotational speed of the impact finger, the number of comb strokes, and the angle between the impact fingers were taken as experimental factors. The rate of harvesting efficiency and net harvesting rate of camellia fruits as well as the rate of flower bud abscission were calculated under different experimental conditions. The experiment results were analyzed by response surface analysis. The results indicated that the performance of the picking device was best when the number of combs was 4.5, the rotating speed of the impact finger was 409.8r/min, and the impact finger included angle was 4.1°. In this case, the picking rate and net picking rate of Camellia oleifera fruit were 43.67kg/h and 86.42%, and the falling rate of bud was 8.89%, which can meet the working requirements of high net picking rate and low damage rate of flower buds.

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閆鋒欣,李許杰,楊永霞,黃國(guó)慶,張玉,楊福增.手持沖擊梳刷式油茶果采摘裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(12):129-140. YAN Fengxin, LI Xujie, YANG Yongxia, HUANG Guoqing, ZHANG Yu, YANG Fuzeng. Design and Experiment of Hand-held Impacting Comb-type Camellia oleifera Fruit Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(12):129-140.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-06-15
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