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油菜機(jī)械直播機(jī)開溝淺旋裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2021YFD2000401),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(32001427)和財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Rapeseed Direct Seeding Machine with Furrow Opener and Shallow Plowing
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)長(zhǎng)江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜輕簡(jiǎn)高效生產(chǎn)需求及目前機(jī)具作業(yè)易出現(xiàn)廂面不平,、碎土質(zhì)量不高及“晾種”,導(dǎo)致油菜出苗率低的問(wèn)題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種油菜機(jī)械直播機(jī)開溝淺旋裝置,,實(shí)現(xiàn)中間開畦溝,畦溝土壤拋送覆蓋兩側(cè)廂面,,淺旋勻土部件勻土,、細(xì)碎廂面土壤及埋覆土壤和秸稈功能;基于滑切減阻原理及擠壓力學(xué)理論,,確定了中間開畦溝部件,、清溝整形部件及淺旋勻土部件結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),得出中間開畦溝刀盤安裝彎刀數(shù)量為4,,切土節(jié)距為60mm,,清溝整形部件整形面?zhèn)让鎯A角為67°,前面傾角為3°,,淺旋彎刀側(cè)切刃偏心圓半徑為182mm,,滑切角為42.4°;運(yùn)用EDEM軟件開展正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),,確定了螺旋勻土葉片的最佳結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):螺旋半徑為100mm,、螺距為350mm、螺旋頭數(shù)為1,,并確定了淺旋彎刀及螺旋勻土葉片結(jié)構(gòu)布局,;田間試驗(yàn)表明,當(dāng)機(jī)組前進(jìn)速度為7km/h時(shí),,安裝有開溝淺旋裝置的油菜直播機(jī)作業(yè)后廂面平整,,畦溝溝型完好,秸稈埋覆率為84.38%,,碎土率為86.41%,,廂面平整度為30.18mm,畦溝溝深及溝寬穩(wěn)定性均大于85%,出苗率為75.47%,,油菜生長(zhǎng)狀態(tài)良好,,裝置作業(yè)效果滿足油菜直播作業(yè)要求。

    Abstract:

    For rice-oil rotation area of the mid-lower Yangtze River rapeseed simple and highly-scale production needs and the current machine operation prone to uneven compartment surface, crushed soil quality and “drying seed”, resulting in low seedling rate of oilseed rape production problems, a kind of rapeseed direct seeding machine with furrow opener and shallow plowing was designed, to achieve the middle open border furrow, the border furrow soil throwing cover both sides of the compartment surface, shallow rotary soil leveling parts to level soil, fine crushed compartment soil and evenly mixed soil and straw function. Based on the principle of slip-cutting and resistance reduction and the theory of extrusion mechanics, the structural parameters of middle open bed furrow components, gully shaping components and shallow rotating screed components were determined, resulting in the number of curved knives installed in the middle open bed trench disc being 4, the cutting pitch being 60mm, the lateral inclination of the shaping surface of gully shaping components being 67°, the front inclination being 3°, the eccentric circle radius of the side cutting edge of the shallow rotary knife being 182mm and the slip-cutting angle being 42.4°. The EDEM software was used to carry out orthogonal test. The optimum structural parameters to be taken for the spiral screed blades were determined as follows: 100mm for spiral radius, 350mm for pitch and number of spiral heads was 1; and the shallow rotary blade and spiral screed blades structural layout were determined. The field experiments showed that when the forward speed of the unit was 7km/h, the rapeseed direct seeding machine with furrow opener and shallow plowing device had a flat compartment surface, complete with ravine furrow pattern, the stubble burying rate was 84.38%, the soil broking rate was 86.41%, the soil surface planeness was 30.18mm, the furrow depth and furrow width stability were more than 85%, seedling emergence rate was 75.47%. The results met the requirements for direct seeding of oilseed rape. The research result can provide a reference for the design of implements to achieve light, efficient and high quality mechanized direct seeding of rape in the region.

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張青松,齊濤,敖倩,舒彩霞,廖宜濤,廖慶喜.油菜機(jī)械直播機(jī)開溝淺旋裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(10):58-67. ZHANG Qingsong, QI Tao, AO Qian, SHU Caixia, LIAO Yitao, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Experiment of Rapeseed Direct Seeding Machine with Furrow Opener and Shallow Plowing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(10):58-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-13
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-07-31
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