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自走式油菜薹收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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財(cái)政部和農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部:國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-12)


Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Rapeseed Stalks Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有油菜薹收獲機(jī)械匱乏,,人工采摘效率低、成本高等問(wèn)題,,結(jié)合油菜薹生物學(xué)特性與農(nóng)藝要求,,研制了一種自走式油菜薹收獲機(jī),可實(shí)現(xiàn)自走,、自動(dòng)升降,、莖葉統(tǒng)收,一次性完成油菜薹切割,、輸送與收集等工序,?;趧?dòng)力學(xué)與運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析了油菜薹收獲切割,、輸送及收集過(guò)程,得出了影響收獲效率的主要因素,,開(kāi)展了切割裝置,、撥禾裝置、輸送裝置、割臺(tái)雙升降系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與參數(shù)分析,。以前進(jìn)速度,、切割線速度、輸送帶線速度及撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速為因素,,油菜薹收獲漏割率,、輸送失敗率及莖葉破損率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),開(kāi)展了二次回歸正交旋轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),,應(yīng)用綜合評(píng)分法確定了最優(yōu)作業(yè)參數(shù)組合為:前進(jìn)速度0.56m/s,、切割線速度0.50m/s、輸送帶線速度0.79m/s,、撥禾輪轉(zhuǎn)速49.70r/min,,在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下,油菜薹收獲效果較優(yōu),。田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明收獲機(jī)作業(yè)后割茬整齊,,在最佳參數(shù)組合下,漏割率為4.28%,,輸送失敗率為3.42%,,莖葉破損率為6.39%,可滿足油菜薹實(shí)際生產(chǎn)需求,。

    Abstract:

    Due to the requirements of multi-functional development of rapeseed for vegetable use, the existing rapeseed stalks harvesting machinery is insufficient, manual picking efficiency is low, and the cost is high. Combined with biological characteristics and agronomic requirements of rapeseed stalks, a self-propelled rapeseed stalks harvester was developed, which could realize self-propelled, automatic lifting, unified harvesting of stems and leaves, and complete cutting, conveying and collecting of rapeseed stalks at one time. Based on dynamics and kinematics analysis of rapeseed stalks harvest cutting, conveying and gathering phase, main factors that influencing the efficiency of the harvest were carried out, the design and parameter analysis of the cutting device, reel device, transmission device and cutting table double lifting system were carried out. The former feeding speed, cutting line speed, conveyor belt speed and rotating wheel speed were taken as factors, and the rapeseed stalks harvesting missed cutting rate, transportation failure rate and stem and leaf damage rate were taken as evaluation indexes. The quadratic regression orthogonal rotating bench test was carried out, and the comprehensive scoring method was used to determine the optimal operation parameters: forward speed was 0.56m/s, cutting line speed was 0.50m/s, the conveyor belt speed was 0.79m/s and the rotary speed was 49.70r/min. Under the optimal parameter combination, the rapeseed stalks harvesting effect was the better. The results of field experiment showed that the harvester cut the stubble in order after operation. Under the optimal combination of parameters, the rate of missed cutting was 4.28%, the rate of transport failure was 3.42%, and the damage rate of stem and leaf was 6.39%, which could meet the actual production demand of rapeseed stalks. The research result could provide reference for the structural design and optimization of rapeseed stalks harvester.

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廖慶喜,王乾祥,萬(wàn)星宇,杜子健,李運(yùn)通,曹士川.自走式油菜薹收獲機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(3):126-138. LIAO Qingxi, WANG Qianxiang, WAN Xingyu, DU Zijian, LI Yuntong, CAO Shichuan. Design and Experiment of Self-propelled Rapeseed Stalks Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(3):126-138.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-05-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-03-10
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