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降水對(duì)華北主要糧食作物灌溉需求影響特征
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41702263、52130906),、山西省高等學(xué)??萍紕?chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(2021L559)、太原工業(yè)學(xué)院青年(后備)學(xué)科帶頭人支持計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(202104)和山西省水利科學(xué)技術(shù)研究與推廣項(xiàng)目(2022GM020,、2021LS010)


Impacts of Precipitation Change on Irrigation Demand of Major Grain Crops in North China Plain
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    摘要:

    探明華北地區(qū)作物灌溉需求規(guī)律及主控因素是合理制定水資源規(guī)劃,,緩解該區(qū)地下水超采的重要依據(jù)。本文基于華北60個(gè)氣象站近50年(1971—2020年)逐日氣象資料,,采用FAO推薦的Penman-Monteith 公式計(jì)算作物需水量,,并分析降水對(duì)主要糧食作物(冬小麥和夏玉米)灌溉需求時(shí)空特征的影響。結(jié)果表明:在降水豐水年(25%),,冬小麥作物灌溉需求指數(shù)IRI以0.50~0.75區(qū)間的高度灌溉需求分布區(qū)為主,,夏玉米則以0.25~0.50區(qū)間的中度灌溉需求分布區(qū)為主,分布面積比率分別為研究區(qū)的92%,、86%,;在平水年(50%),冬小麥IRI以大于0.75的極高灌溉需求分布區(qū)為主,,分布面積比率占56%,,夏玉米仍以0.25~0.50的中度灌溉需求分布區(qū)為主,,但分布面積比率擴(kuò)大至100%;在枯水年(75%),,冬小麥極高灌溉需求分布面積比率增大至97%,,夏玉米則以0.50~0.75的高度灌溉需求分布區(qū)為主。降水量是影響IRI的主控因素,,隨降水量的增大,,不同區(qū)位IRI均呈直線下降趨勢(shì),但對(duì)降水量變化的敏感性存在較大差異,,其中,,冬小麥以燕山山前平原、太行山前-冀中平原,、中部-冀中平原和濱海平原最為敏感,,降水量每增大100mm,IRI降低0.14,,夏玉米則以中部-冀中平原最為敏感,,降水量每增大100mm,IRI降低0.26,。不同區(qū)位冬小麥和夏玉米IRI均服從正態(tài)分布,,但隨降水量變化,分布參數(shù)變化明顯,。

    Abstract:

    Finding out the laws of crop irrigation demand and the main control factors in North China Plain (NCP) is an important basis for rationally formulating water resources planning and alleviating groundwater overexploitation. Based on the daily meteorological data of 60 weather stations in the past 50 years,the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO was used to calculate crop water demand, and the impact of precipitation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of irrigation demand of winter wheat and summer maize as the main grain crops was analyzed. The results showed that at the years with abundant precipitation (25%), the distribution of the irrigation water demand index IRI for winter wheat in NCP was mainly in the high irrigation demand with IRI from 0.50 to 0.75, and that of summer maize was mainly in medium irrigation demand with IRI of 0.25~0.50, accounting for 92% and 86% of the NCP respectively. At the years with normal precipitation (50%), the IRI for winter wheat and summer maize was mainly in the range of above 0.75 and 0.25~0.50, accounting for 56% and 100% of the NCP respectively. At the years with low precipitation (75%), the IRI was mainly in extremely high irrigation demand for winter wheat, accounting for 97% of the NCP, and in high irrigation demand for summer maize. Precipitation was the main factor affecting IRI. With the increase of precipitation, the IRI showed a linear downward trend, but there were significant differences in sensitivity to precipitation changes for different locations of the NCP. For winter wheat, most sensitive regions were Yanshan piedmont plain, Taihang piedmont-Jizhong plain, Central-Jizhong plain and Coastal plain, and for every 100mm increases in precipitation, the IRI was decreased by 0.14, while summer maize was in the Middle-Jizhong plain, and for every 100mm increases in precipitation, the IRI was decreased by 0.26. The IRI of winter wheat and summer maize all obeyed normal distribution, but with the change of precipitation, the distribution parameters were changed obviously.

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王電龍,馮慧敏,張寶忠,魏征,杜旭婷.降水對(duì)華北主要糧食作物灌溉需求影響特征[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2023,54(1):296-305. WANG Dianlong, FENG Huimin, ZHANG Baozhong, WEI Zheng, DU Xuting. Impacts of Precipitation Change on Irrigation Demand of Major Grain Crops in North China Plain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2023,54(1):296-305.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2023-01-10
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